{"eid":"google","name":"Google","domain":"google.com","resolved_by":"domain","topics":["compute","crawler-scraper","databases-kv","domains-dns","egress","inference","ip-proxy","storage"],"n_records":65,"best_vorder":0,"review":null,"aliases":["Cloud Firestore","Cloud Storage for Firebase (Spark/Blaze)","Firebase Hosting","Firebase Realtime Database","Firebase Storage (Cloud Storage for Firebase)","Firebase Studio","GCP research credits programme (Cloud for Higher Education)","GKE Agent Sandbox","Gemini Notebook (formerly NotebookLM) — source corpus","Gmail (free @gmail.com) — 15 GB shared","Google","Google Agent Platform Sandbox (Code Execution / Shell / Computer Use)","Google Agent Runtime / Agent Engine","Google Artifact Registry (incl. the gcr.io domain)","Google Chat spaces as a quota-exempt attachment store (Chat API media.upload/media.download)","Google Cloud Build","Google Cloud Free Tier (e2-micro)","Google Cloud Free Tier — Cloud Storage","Google Cloud Free Trial","Google Cloud Free Trial (USD 300)","Google Cloud Run","Google Cloud Shell","Google Cloud Spot","Google Cloud Storage Always Free tier","Google Cloud Text-to-Speech","Google Cloud Translation","Google Cloud external passthrough Network Load Balancer","Google Cloud research","Google Colab","Google Colab (paid tiers)","Google Compute Engine (Linux VMs)","Google Compute Engine (Windows Server)","Google Compute Engine GPU VMs","Google Drive shared drives written by service accounts","Google Open Source","Google Photos Library API (append-only upload)","Google Play Books (personal upload library)","Google Play Books Partner Center","Google Programmable Search / Custom Search JSON API","Google Summer","Google Trust Services","Google Vertex AI Model Garden — custom model import","Google Workspace for Education Fundamentals (pooled tenant)","Google for Startups Cloud Program (Start / Scale tiers)","LunaProxy, PIA S5 Proxy and 911 S5 (911.re)","Public Datasets hosting programme (Google Cloud)","cloud identity free (as a source of free identities / unlimited tenants)","gmail as bulk storage","google artifact registry","google artifact registry (as a blob store)","google cloud free trial ($300 / 90 days)","google cloud public datasets (as an intake)","google cloud source repositories","google colab as a serving box","google colab free-tier runtime disk (as scratch storage)","google container registry (gcr.io) as a separate free tier","google docs / sheets as unlimited storage (uds, base64 embedding)","google groups as a file store","google photos","google sites (new sites) as free hosting/storage","google.com"],"records":[{"rid":"databases-kv/firestore","card":{"rid":"databases-kv/firestore","eid":"google","topic":"databases-kv","slug":"firestore","provider":"Cloud Firestore","url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/quotas","domain":"google.com","category":"document database","tier":null,"verdict":"qualifies","vorder":0,"grp":"usable","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"documented","binding":"request-rate","identity_kind":"email","identity_basis":"stated","needs_card":0,"needs_phone":0,"needs_id":0,"needs_institution":0,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"rest,graphql","egress_metered":1,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-10-22T03:05:00.000Z","verified_basis":"live","checked_on":"2026-10-22","stale_on":"2026-11-22","n_evidence":1,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"1 GiB stored, 50,000 document reads per day, 20,000 writes per day, 20,000 deletes per day, exactly one free database per project","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":1,"free_unit":"GiB"},"record":{"topic":"databases-kv","slug":"firestore","provider":"Cloud Firestore","url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/quotas","category":"document database","free_tier":{"stated":"1 GiB stored, 50,000 document reads per day, 20,000 writes per day, 20,000 deletes per day, exactly one free database per project","unit":"GiB","source_url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/quotas","read_on":"2026-10-22","metered_on":"request-count"},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"1 GiB stored; a 1 MiB document size limit applies to the engine","bytes":null,"source_url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/quotas"},"retention":{"stated":"data persists; there is no inactivity deletion on the free quota","days":null,"source_url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/quotas"},"egress":{"terms":"10 GiB a month of outbound data transfer is included in the free quota; beyond it the transfer is billed at the standard Cloud Firestore network rate, and reads are counted as operations against the daily quota","metered":true,"free_allowance":"10 GiB per month","price_per_tb":null,"source_url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/quotas"},"interface":["rest","graphql"],"interface_detail":"a REST and gRPC API with realtime listeners; SDKs for web, mobile and server; a GraphQL-ish query surface is not offered, the REST and gRPC APIs are","tooling":"the Firebase Admin SDK; the gcloud and firebase CLIs; REST","chaining":"1 GiB of document state with client SDKs and realtime sync, which no other free tier here gives","limits":[{"kind":"request-rate","value":"50,000 document reads and 20,000 writes per day","source":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/quotas"},{"kind":"per-object-cap","value":"1 GiB stored; exactly one free database per project","source":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/quotas"}],"limits_note":"a project may hold up to 100 databases, but only one is free, so multiple logical databases is a paid feature","binding":"request-rate","identity_cost":{"kind":"email","detail":"a Google account","country":null},"reliability_note":"no reliability event recorded","confidence":"documented","confidence_note":"the quotas page was read and states 'exactly one free database per project'.","evidence":[{"url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/quotas","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"Free quota: 1 GiB stored data, 50,000 document reads/day, 20,000 writes/day, 20,000 deletes/day; 'Cloud Firestore allows exactly one free database per project'"}],"verdict":"qualifies","verified_at":"2026-10-22T03:05:00.000Z","price_per_tb_month":null,"notes":"The one-database rule is the constraint that a multi-tenant design meets first, not the 1 GiB."},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":1.0,"unit":"GiB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[0].value","kind":"limit:request-rate","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"},{"path":"$.limits[1].value","kind":"limit:per-object-cap","num":1.0,"unit":"GiB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"}],"unknown":[["$.reliability_note","none-observed"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"storage/google-workspace-for-education-fundamentals","card":{"rid":"storage/google-workspace-for-education-fundamentals","eid":"google","topic":"storage","slug":"google-workspace-for-education-fundamentals","provider":"Google Workspace for Education Fundamentals (pooled tenant)","url":"https://edu.google.com/intl/ALL_us/workspace-for-education/editions/education-fundamentals/","domain":"google.com","category":"cloud-drive","tier":null,"verdict":"qualifies","vorder":0,"grp":"usable","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"reported","binding":"per-object-cap","identity_kind":"institution","identity_basis":"inferred","needs_card":null,"needs_phone":null,"needs_id":null,"needs_institution":null,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"rest,rclone","egress_metered":1,"per_object_bytes":5000000000000,"retention_days":14,"verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","verified_basis":"inherited","checked_on":"2026-10-21","stale_on":"2026-11-05","n_evidence":5,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"100 TB of pooled cloud storage per institution, at 'No cost'. Pooled across Drive + Gmail + Photos and all shared drives. Confirmed twice on Google's own pag...","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":9,"free_unit":"TB"},"record":{"topic":"storage","slug":"google-workspace-for-education-fundamentals","provider":"Google Workspace for Education Fundamentals (pooled tenant)","url":"https://edu.google.com/intl/ALL_us/workspace-for-education/editions/education-fundamentals/","category":"cloud-drive","free_tier":{"stated":"100 TB of pooled cloud storage per institution, at 'No cost'. Pooled across Drive + Gmail + Photos and all shared drives. Confirmed twice on Google's own pages: 'Schools and universities with Google Workspace for Education subscriptions have a baseline of 100 TB of pooled storage shared across all users' and 'Google Workspace for Education Fundamentals / Standard — 100 TB total for all End Users'.","unit":"TB","metered_on":"stored-bytes","source_url":"https://knowledge.workspace.google.com/admin/getting-started/editions/overview-of-google-workspace-for-education-storage","read_on":"2026-10-21","notes":null},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"5 TB per single upload","bytes":5000000000000,"source_url":"https://knowledge.workspace.google.com/admin/getting-started/editions/overview-of-google-workspace-for-education-storage","notes":"not stated"},"retention":{"stated":"Over-quota: at +25% or 14 days, uploads and Docs creation stop but download keeps working.","days":14,"source_url":"https://knowledge.workspace.google.com/admin/getting-started/editions/overview-of-google-workspace-for-education-storage","notes":"not stated"},"egress":{"terms":"Not metered for Drive reads. Google's own storage page says over-quota tenants 'can still sign in to ... view and download their files' — i.e. reads are never blocked by quota. Direct-download URLs are served from Google's edge; put behind Cloudflare if you want a cache.","metered":true},"interface":["rest","rclone"],"interface_detail":"rest","tooling":"rclone backend 'drive' (Tier 1, server-side copy, shared-drive support); Google Drive API v3; GAM (github.com/GAM-team/GAM) for admin-side bulk operations; gclone for service-account fan-out.","chaining":"One qualifying institution = one tenant = 100 TB. Inside a tenant the multiplier is shared drives (unlimited count) and user count: up to 2,500 licenses per new domain, all drawing on the same 100 TB pool. Adding Teaching & Learning add-on licences adds 100 GB each 'with no cap' (paid).","limits":[{"kind":"per-object-cap","value":"5 TB per single upload","source":"https://knowledge.workspace.google.com/admin/getting-started/editions/overview-of-google-workspace-for-education-storage"}],"limits_note":"per-object-cap 5 TB per single upload, and 750 GB per user per 24 h (upload+copy) — this is the real throttle, and it is refreshing not cumulative. request-rate: standard Drive API quota (per-project, raiseable). retention: none while the tenant is active; data survives account suspension but suspended users still consume the pool. Item cap 500 million items per user. Over-quota: at +25% or 14 days, uploads and Docs creation stop but download keeps working.","identity_cost":{"kind":"institution","detail":null,"country":null},"reliability_note":"Stable for a decade, but Google already abolished the predecessor's unlimited tier (2021 archive: 'Existing customers ... will continue to have unlimited storage until early 2022'). Quota is now hard-capped and admin-auditable, so a tenant can be spotted by whoever administers it.","confidence":"reported","confidence_note":null,"evidence":[{"url":"https://knowledge.workspace.google.com/admin/getting-started/editions/overview-of-google-workspace-for-education-storage","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"'baseline of 100 TB of pooled storage shared across all users'"},{"url":"https://support.google.com/a/answer/172541","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"table: 'Google Workspace for Education Fundamentals / Standard | 100 TB total for all End Users'; 'Each user can upload and copy 750 GB to Drive within 24 hours ... up to 5 TB in size'"},{"url":"https://knowledge.workspace.google.com/admin/getting-started/editions/qualifications-for-google-workspace-for-education","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"K-12 and degree-granting institutions only; 'must establish a separate domain for the school to qualify'"},{"url":null,"date":"2026-10-21","proved":"probe: GET knowledge.workspace.google.com/admin/getting-started/editions/overview-of-google-workspace-for-education-storage -> 200 (quota quoted live, 2026-10-21)"},{"url":null,"date":"2026-10-21","proved":"probe: GET www.googleapis.com/drive/v3/about?fields=storageQuota -> 401 (anonymous; confirms API is the read path, auth required)"}],"verdict":"qualifies","verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","notes":"100 TB of pooled cloud storage per institution, at 'No cost'. Pooled across Drive + Gmail + Photos and all shared drives. Confirmed twice on Google's own pages: 'Schools and universities with Google Workspace for Education subscriptions have a baseline of 100 TB of pooled storage shared across all users' and 'Google Workspace for Education Fundamentals / Standard — 100 TB total for all End Users'.","extras":{},"binding":"per-object-cap","binding_note":null},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":100.0,"unit":"TB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[0].value","kind":"limit:per-object-cap","num":5.0,"unit":"TB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"}],"unknown":[["$.binding_note","boilerplate"],["$.confidence_note","withheld"],["$.evidence[3].url","private-url"],["$.evidence[4].url","private-url"],["$.free_tier.notes","process"],["$.identity_cost.detail","boilerplate"],["$.identity_cost.kind","identity-defaulted"],["$.per_object_cap.notes","not-extracted"],["$.retention.notes","not-extracted"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"compute/firebase-hosting","card":{"rid":"compute/firebase-hosting","eid":"google","topic":"compute","slug":"firebase-hosting","provider":"Firebase Hosting","url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/usage-quotas-pricing","domain":"google.com","category":"cloud VM","tier":null,"verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","vorder":1,"grp":"usable","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"documented","binding":"volume-quota","identity_kind":"email","identity_basis":"stated","needs_card":0,"needs_phone":0,"needs_id":0,"needs_institution":0,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"cli,rest","egress_metered":1,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-11-04T06:40:20.287Z","verified_basis":"live","checked_on":"2026-11-04","stale_on":"2026-12-05","n_evidence":9,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"On the no-cost Spark plan, Hosting storage is free up to 10 GB and CDN data transfer is free up to 10 GB a month, with a 2 GB ceiling on any single file. Ove...","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":6,"free_unit":"GiB"},"record":{"topic":"compute","slug":"firebase-hosting","provider":"Firebase Hosting","url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/usage-quotas-pricing","category":"cloud VM","free_tier":{"stated":"On the no-cost Spark plan, Hosting storage is free up to 10 GB and CDN data transfer is free up to 10 GB a month, with a 2 GB ceiling on any single file. Over either limit without the Blaze plan, deployment stops or the sites are disabled until the month turns.","unit":"GiB","metered_on":"wall-clock","source_url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/usage-quotas-pricing","read_on":"2026-10-22","notes":"perpetual-allowance"},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"not applicable","bytes":null,"source_url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/usage-quotas-pricing","notes":null},"retention":{"stated":"not applicable","days":null,"source_url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/usage-quotas-pricing","notes":null},"egress":{"terms":"'Data transfer from the CDN to your end users is at no cost up to 10 GB/month'; past it there is a short grace period and then sites are disabled until the start of the next month, quoted","metered":true,"free_allowance":"10 GB a month","price_per_tb":"USD 0.15 per GB beyond the allowance, Blaze plan only","source_url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/usage-quotas-pricing"},"interface":["cli","rest"],"interface_detail":"Firebase CLI and the Firebase Hosting REST API, documented at firebase.google.com/docs/cli and /docs/hosting/api-deploy","tooling":"the firebase command of the Firebase CLI (standalone binary or npm); the Hosting REST API is the alternative for programmatic deploys","chaining":"10 GB stored and 10 GB a month served is a documentation site or a demo, not a data host; it composes as the front door for a project whose real artefacts sit in a bucket with a larger allowance.","limits":[{"kind":"volume-quota","value":"10 GB a month of CDN transfer is the smaller of the two: at 10 GB stored and 10 GB served, the allowance is spent by serving the whole site once a month.","source":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/usage-quotas-pricing"}],"limits_note":"10 GB a month of CDN transfer is the smaller of the two: at 10 GB stored and 10 GB served, the allowance is spent by serving the whole site once a month.","binding":"volume-quota","binding_note":"10 GB a month of CDN transfer is the smaller of the two: at 10 GB stored and 10 GB served, the allowance is spent by serving the whole site once a month.","identity_cost":{"kind":"email","detail":null,"country":null},"reliability_note":"no reliability event recorded","confidence":"documented","evidence":[{"url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/usage-quotas-pricing","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"'Storage for your Hosting content is at no cost up to 10 GB'; on the non-Blaze plan reaching 10 GB blocks new deployments, quoted"},{"url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/usage-quotas-pricing","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"'Data transfer from the CDN to your end users is at no cost up to 10 GB/month'; past it there is a short grace period and then sites are disabled until the start of the next month, quoted"},{"url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/usage-quotas-pricing","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"Hosting has a maximum size limit of 2 GB for individual files; paid overage is USD 0.026/GB stored and USD 0.15/GB transferred on Blaze, quoted"},{"url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/usage-quotas-pricing","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"10 GB a month of CDN data transfer is free","capture":"sha256:2371839990c60337cf160962b88ec9303f39928c9aaafd4fd900086ac8547e63","quote":"Data transfer from the CDN to your end users is at no cost up to 10 GB/month."},{"url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/usage-quotas-pricing","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"Blaze overage is $0.15 per GB","capture":"sha256:2371839990c60337cf160962b88ec9303f39928c9aaafd4fd900086ac8547e63","quote":"you'll be billed $0.15 for each additional GB of data transferred that month."},{"url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/api-deploy","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"a Hosting REST API exists","capture":"sha256:1be7b02f756e11908f1ff3b74a45b3ecf077837beabe7829380a5cdc07b2f67a","quote":"Use this REST API to deploy new or updated Hosting content and"},{"url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/cli","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"the Firebase CLI deploys Hosting","capture":"sha256:c7742c883a91a5ac71a512a2336062d1af37263c749a49e1dfb1f20be2415b27","quote":"provides a variety of tools for managing, viewing, and deploying to Firebase projects."},{"url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/api-deploy","date":"2026-11-04","proved":"the REST API is the CLI alternative","capture":"sha256:1be7b02f756e11908f1ff3b74a45b3ecf077837beabe7829380a5cdc07b2f67a","quote":"As an alternative to using the [Firebase CLI](https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/quickstart) for"},{"url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/cli","date":"2026-11-04","proved":"the CLI installs as the firebase command","capture":"sha256:c7742c883a91a5ac71a512a2336062d1af37263c749a49e1dfb1f20be2415b27","quote":"| npm | Use npm (the Node Package Manager) to install the CLI and enable the globally available `firebase` command. |"}],"verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","verified_at":"2026-11-04T06:40:20.287Z","notes":"The quota page still describes the no-cost level and the Blaze upgrade path, so the free tier still exists. 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Google permission to charge your bank account."}],"verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","verified_at":"2026-11-02T02:17:35.142Z","price_per_tb_month":null,"notes":"","extras":{"keep_rate":1.0,"keep_rate_basis":"billed while running; can be stopped by the caller","billing_model":"unclassified","shape":null,"session_cap":{"wall_clock_min":null,"idle_reap_s":null,"restart_required":false,"note":"the allowance is vCPU-seconds a month; there is no session clock, and a deployment that stays up exhausts the month early"},"persistent_storage":null,"network_out":null,"price_note":null,"free_tier_kind":"allowance","granularity":{"min_billed_s":0,"rounding_s":null},"burst_x":1.0,"net":null},"binding":"request-rate"},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":360000.0,"unit":"GiB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[0].value","kind":"limit:request-rate","num":360000.0,"unit":"GiB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[1].value","kind":"limit:per-object-cap","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"}],"unknown":[["$.chaining","not-stated"],["$.egress.metered","egress-unknown"],["$.egress.terms","not-stated"],["$.evidence[0].proved","process"],["$.extras.price_note","process"],["$.interface","interface-unknown"],["$.interface_detail","withheld"],["$.limits_note","not-stated"],["$.per_object_cap.notes","process"],["$.per_object_cap.stated","not-stated"],["$.reliability_note","none-observed"],["$.retention.notes","not-extracted"],["$.retention.stated","not-stated"],["$.tooling","not-stated"]],"history":[{"hid":"2026-10-22T050530Z-1","when":"2026-10-22T05:05:30Z","status":"corrected","title":"Google Cloud's free tier is a recurring usage allowance, and the record priced it as a credit"}],"drift":[]},{"rid":"compute/google-cloud-build","card":{"rid":"compute/google-cloud-build","eid":"google","topic":"compute","slug":"google-cloud-build","provider":"Google Cloud Build","url":"https://cloud.google.com/build/pricing","domain":"google.com","category":"platform host","tier":null,"verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","vorder":1,"grp":"usable","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"documented","binding":"request-rate","identity_kind":"card","identity_basis":"stated","needs_card":1,"needs_phone":0,"needs_id":0,"needs_institution":0,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"cli,rest","egress_metered":1,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-11-04T02:24:32.965Z","verified_basis":"live","checked_on":"2026-11-04","stale_on":"2026-12-05","n_evidence":16,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"2,500 build-minutes a month per billing account on e2-standard-2 (2 vCPU, 8 GB memory) in the default pool, stated as a promotional free tier whose limit is ...","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":9,"free_unit":"minutes"},"record":{"topic":"compute","slug":"google-cloud-build","provider":"Google Cloud Build","url":"https://cloud.google.com/build/pricing","category":"platform host","free_tier":{"stated":"2,500 build-minutes a month per billing account on e2-standard-2 (2 vCPU, 8 GB memory) in the default pool, stated as a promotional free tier whose limit is subject to change; the first 100 GB of worker SSD is free","unit":"minutes","metered_on":"wall-clock","source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/build/pricing","read_on":"2026-10-22"},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"not stated","bytes":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/build/pricing","notes":null},"retention":{"stated":"not stated","days":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/build/pricing","notes":"not stated"},"egress":{"terms":"network egress from builds is charged at standard Google Cloud rates; no egress allowance is stated for Cloud Build","metered":true,"free_allowance":null,"price_per_tb":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/build/pricing"},"interface":["cli","rest"],"interface_detail":"gcloud builds submit (the Google Cloud CLI) and the Cloud Build REST API at cloudbuild.googleapis.com; no SSH into build workers is documented on the pages read","tooling":"the gcloud CLI (gcloud builds submit) and the REST API","chaining":"not stated","limits":[{"kind":"request-rate","value":"2,500 build-minutes a month per billing account on e2-standard-2 in the default pool, promotional and subject to change; beyond it e2-standard-2 costs $0.006 a minute","source":"https://cloud.google.com/build/pricing"},{"kind":"per-object-cap","value":"the first 100 GB of worker SSD is free; up to 4,000 GB can be attached","source":"https://cloud.google.com/build/pricing"}],"limits_note":"the default pool allows 10 to 30 concurrent builds (global) and 5 to 100 concurrent E2 CPUs per region as project quotas","identity_cost":{"kind":"card","detail":"a Google Cloud billing account is required for the Free Tier, including the Cloud Build minutes; the Free Trial sign-up that creates one requires a credit card or other payment method, and in some countries a bank-account verification","country":null},"reliability_note":"no reliability event recorded","confidence":"documented","confidence_note":"documented from the Cloud Build pricing page and the Google Cloud free-features page; the pricing page calls the build-minute allowance promotional and subject to change, which is a weaker commitment than a tier","evidence":[{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/build/pricing","date":"2026-10-02","proved":null},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/build/pricing","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"'Each billing account comes with 2,500 free build-minutes per month' and 'This promotional free tier is for e2-standard-2 machine types in the default pool, and the limit is subject to change' and 'The first 100GB is free' of worker SSD, quoted"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/build/pricing","date":"2026-10-30","proved":"the allowance is 2,500 build-minutes a month, counted per billing account","capture":"sha256:7606d69f0fb1a11e08be624910f73c1d37fadb201940584eb1a6e1379d060e27","quote":"Each billing account comes with 2,500 free build-minutes per month."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/build/pricing","date":"2026-10-30","proved":"the free minutes apply only to e2-standard-2 in the default pool and are promotional","capture":"sha256:7606d69f0fb1a11e08be624910f73c1d37fadb201940584eb1a6e1379d060e27","quote":"This promotional free tier is for e2-standard-2 machine types in the default pool, and the limit is subject to change."},{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-10-30","proved":"the sign-up that creates a billing account asks for a credit card or other payment method","capture":"sha256:885a38c2b738a7e9ac34bffbae919db1163c80786856ff5f689da3a3bfe0b095","quote":"During the sign up, you must provide a credit card or other payment method that is valid for the period of the Free Trial."},{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-10-30","proved":"the Free Tier, which lists the Cloud Build minutes, is reached only through a billing account","capture":"sha256:885a38c2b738a7e9ac34bffbae919db1163c80786856ff5f689da3a3bfe0b095","quote":"A Google Cloud billing account is required to access the Google Cloud Free Tier."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/build/pricing","date":"2026-10-30","proved":"Cloud Build egress is billed at standard network rates","capture":"sha256:7606d69f0fb1a11e08be624910f73c1d37fadb201940584eb1a6e1379d060e27","quote":"Network egress will be charged according to standard rates."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/build/pricing","date":"2026-10-30","proved":"Cloud Build egress is metered and billed","capture":"sha256:7606d69f0fb1a11e08be624910f73c1d37fadb201940584eb1a6e1379d060e27","quote":"Network egress will be charged according to standard rates."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/build/quotas","date":"2026-10-30","proved":"the default pool caps concurrent builds at 10 to 30","capture":"sha256:ec46b786c1ae9a8ffa8cb9436740273bbe6c9614dbca4568d17e1f80df506200","quote":"| Default pool | Build | Number of concurrent builds | 10 - 30 |"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/build/pricing","date":"2026-10-30","proved":"the allowance is promotional and subject to change","capture":"sha256:7606d69f0fb1a11e08be624910f73c1d37fadb201940584eb1a6e1379d060e27","quote":"This promotional free tier is for e2-standard-2 machine types in the default pool, and the limit is subject to change."},{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-10-30","proved":"the Free Tier table lists the same 2,500 build-minutes on e2-standard-2","capture":"sha256:885a38c2b738a7e9ac34bffbae919db1163c80786856ff5f689da3a3bfe0b095","quote":"2,500 build-minutes per month for machine type e2-standard-2"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/build/pricing","date":"2026-10-30","proved":"e2-standard-2 has 2 vCPUs and 8 GB of memory, at $0.006 a minute","capture":"sha256:7606d69f0fb1a11e08be624910f73c1d37fadb201940584eb1a6e1379d060e27","quote":"| e2-standard-2 | 2 | 8 | Yes | $0.006 |"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/build/pricing","date":"2026-10-30","proved":"the first 100 GB of worker SSD is free, up to 4,000 GB in all","capture":"sha256:7606d69f0fb1a11e08be624910f73c1d37fadb201940584eb1a6e1379d060e27","quote":"The first 100GB is free, and you can request up to 4000GB."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/build/docs/running-builds/submit-build-via-cli-api","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"builds start from the gcloud CLI and the Cloud Build API","capture":"sha256:51e73c4c9532c5b9fe4483a006fce83cc6ef28e5d254442b5baf8f577379ba25","quote":"Google Cloud CLI and the Cloud Build API."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/build/docs/api/reference/rest","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"the Cloud Build API is a REST API","capture":"sha256:c7267d8a86b43fb2a99aa8b8c882052bd8542feee6b8206439ba93de011f29e6","quote":"## REST Resource: [v1.projects.builds](https://docs.cloud.google.com/build/docs/api/reference/rest/v1/projects.builds)"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/build/pricing","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"egress from builds is billed at standard Google Cloud rates with no Cloud Build allowance or own price stated","capture":"sha256:7606d69f0fb1a11e08be624910f73c1d37fadb201940584eb1a6e1379d060e27","quote":"Network egress will be charged according to standard rates."}],"verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","verified_at":"2026-11-04T02:24:32.965Z","price_per_tb_month":null,"notes":"","extras":{"keep_rate":1.0,"keep_rate_basis":null,"billing_model":"unclassified","shape":{"vcpu":2,"ram":8,"disk":100,"gpu_class":null,"gpu_count":null,"note":"e2-standard-2 with up to 100 GB of free worker SSD"},"session_cap":{"wall_clock_min":null,"idle_reap_s":null,"restart_required":false,"note":"a build runs to completion; the allowance is minutes a month, and partial minutes are billed at the actual number of seconds"},"persistent_storage":null,"network_out":null,"price_note":null,"free_tier_kind":"allowance","granularity":{"min_billed_s":0,"rounding_s":null},"burst_x":1.0,"net":null},"binding":"request-rate"},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":2500.0,"unit":"build minutes","per":"month","currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[0].value","kind":"limit:request-rate","num":2500.0,"unit":"build minutes","per":"month","currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[1].value","kind":"limit:per-object-cap","num":100.0,"unit":"GB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"}],"unknown":[["$.chaining","not-stated"],["$.evidence[0].proved","process"],["$.extras.keep_rate_basis","process"],["$.extras.price_note","process"],["$.per_object_cap.notes","process"],["$.per_object_cap.stated","not-stated"],["$.reliability_note","none-observed"],["$.retention.notes","not-extracted"],["$.retention.stated","not-stated"]],"history":[{"hid":"2026-10-22T050530Z-1","when":"2026-10-22T05:05:30Z","status":"corrected","title":"Google Cloud's free tier is a recurring usage allowance, and the record priced it as a credit"}],"drift":[]},{"rid":"compute/google-cloud-free-tier","card":{"rid":"compute/google-cloud-free-tier","eid":"google","topic":"compute","slug":"google-cloud-free-tier","provider":"Google Cloud Free Tier (e2-micro)","url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","domain":"google.com","category":"cloud VM","tier":"Free Tier, reached through a Free Trial billing account","verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","vorder":1,"grp":"usable","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"documented","binding":"per-ip-shaping","identity_kind":"card","identity_basis":"stated","needs_card":1,"needs_phone":0,"needs_id":0,"needs_institution":0,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"rest,cli","egress_metered":1,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":0,"verified_at":"2026-10-24T04:10:50.000Z","verified_basis":"live","checked_on":"2026-10-24","stale_on":"2026-11-24","n_evidence":28,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"1 non-preemptible e2-micro VM instance a month in us-west1, us-central1 or us-east1; 30 GB-months of standard persistent disk; 1 GB of outbound data transfer...","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":3,"free_unit":"hours"},"record":{"topic":"compute","per_object_cap":{"stated":"not applicable","bytes":null,"notes":null},"interface":["rest","cli"],"interface_detail":"Compute Engine API, gcloud CLI, SSH keys in instance or project metadata","tooling":"gcloud, the Compute Engine API, Terraform; a real Linux VM","chaining":"one always-on micro VM for a relay or a scheduler, with an egress allowance too small to serve from","limits_note":"e2-micro is a shared-core shape: 2 vCPU bursting at about 12.5% each, so 0.25 vCPU sustained, and a burst lasts 30 seconds","reliability_note":"no reliability event recorded","confidence":"documented","verified_at":"2026-10-24T04:10:50.000Z","price_per_tb_month":null,"slug":"google-cloud-free-tier","provider":"Google Cloud Free Tier (e2-micro)","url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","category":"cloud VM","free_tier":{"stated":"1 non-preemptible e2-micro VM instance a month in us-west1, us-central1 or us-east1; 30 GB-months of standard persistent disk; 1 GB of outbound data transfer from North America","unit":"hours","metered_on":"wall-clock","source_url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","read_on":"2026-10-24","notes":"the limit is by time, not by instance: a month's worth of hours in total; the Free Tier is a separate product from the USD 300 / 90-day trial that sits on the same billing account"},"retention":{"stated":"the Free Tier has no end date; Google reserves the right to change or eliminate limits with 30 days notice","days":0,"source_url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","notes":"but the Free Tier needs an active billing account, and the trial billing account auto-closes at 90 days or USD 300 spent"},"egress":{"terms":"1 GB a month of outbound transfer from North America, excluding China and Australia; then standard rates","metered":true,"free_allowance":"1 GB a month","price_per_tb":null,"source_url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features"},"limits":[{"kind":"request-rate","value":"the e2-micro allowance is one month of hours, so exactly one instance fits 24/7 and a second bills","source":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features"},{"kind":"per-ip-shaping","value":"1 GB a month of outbound data transfer from North America","source":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features"},{"kind":"per-object-cap","value":"30 GB-months of standard persistent disk; 1 GB of RAM, custom up to 2 GB","source":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features"},{"kind":"retention-clamped","value":"the trial billing account auto-closes at 90 days or USD 300, and 'all of its associated projects and resources will be stopped', with permanent deletion after a 30-day grace period","source":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features"}],"identity_cost":{"kind":"card","detail":"card or other payment method at signup; the published authorisation is between USD 0.00 and USD 1.00, a pending request rather than a charge, released within a few days to a month; debit accepted with a Visa or Mastercard logo, but a debit card that requires two-factor authentication is refused, as are prepaid and virtual cards; name, address and payment method are collected, and a tax ID only when the law requires it; no phone number is named on any signup page read, and no identity document","country":null},"evidence":[{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"1 non-preemptible e2-micro a month in us-west1, us-central1 or us-east1, 30 GB-months standard PD, 1 GB outbound"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"the e2-micro limit is by time, not by instance: eligible use is free until the hours equal the hours in the month"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"the Free Tier has no end date, but Google may change or eliminate limits with 30 days notice"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted: the authorisation hold is USD 0.00 to 1.00, and the always-free e2-micro is 1 GB of outbound data transfer per month from North America"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/signup","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted: 'During the sign up, you must provide a credit card or other payment method'"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted: '1 non-preemptible e2-micro VM instance per month' in us-west1, us-central1 or us-east1 with '30 GB-months standard persistent disk' and '1 GB of outbound data transfer', and 'A Google Cloud billing account is required to access the Google Cloud Free Tier'"},{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/billing/docs/how-to/payment-methods","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted: 'Debit cards with the Visa or MasterCard logo' are accepted; 'Debit cards that require two-factor authentication aren't accepted for payment.'; 'Prepaid cards aren't accepted for payment.'"},{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/billing/docs/how-to/manage-billing-account","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted, the hold: 'When you create a new, self-serve Cloud Billing account, you might notice a $0.00 transaction from Google on your bank or credit card statement. These are authorization requests only, not actual charges.'"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/signup-faqs","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted: 'During signup, we ask for your name, address, and payment method to verify your identity.' and 'Authorizations may stay in your account for 1-14 business days depending on your bank.'"},{"url":"https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"the signup URL, opened today, redirects to https://accounts.cloud.google.com/signup/email?continueUrl=https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial and the only readable field is 'Email address' with 'Your work, personal, or any other email address you own' - so the account is created at a Google account signup, and cloud.google.com/signup returns a 404"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/signup-faqs","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted, the form: 'During signup, we ask for your name, address, and payment method to verify your identity.' and 'Authorizations may stay in your account for 1-14 business days depending on your bank.'"},{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted, the card gate: 'During the sign up, you must provide a credit card or other payment method that is valid for the period of the Free Trial. Depending on your country, you might also need to verify your bank account.'"},{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted, the hold with its amount: 'Temporary hold: The hold often appears as a pending transaction from Google, with a value between $0.00 and $1.00 USD. Your bank might convert the amount to a local currency.' and 'The hold is typically released within a few days to a month.'"},{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/billing/docs/how-to/payment-methods","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted, the accepted cards: 'Debit cards with the Visa or MasterCard logo' are accepted; 'Debit cards that require two-factor authentication aren't accepted for payment.'; 'Prepaid cards aren't accepted for payment.'"},{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted, the grant: '1 non-preemptible e2-micro VM instance per month in one of the following US regions: Oregon: us-west1. Iowa: us-central1. South Carolina: us-east1. 30 GB-months standard persistent disk. 1 GB of outbound data transfer from North America to all region destinations (excluding China and Australia) per month.'"},{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted, the time-denominated limit: 'Your Free Tier e2-micro instance limit is by time, not by instance. Each month, eligible use of all of your e2-micro instances is free until you have used a number of hours equal to the total hours in the current month.'"},{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted, the two products separated: 'The Free Trial is a 90-day program' with 'a Free Trial billing account that is preloaded with $300 in free Welcome credit which is valid for 90 days', and 'The Free Tier has no end date, but Google reserves the right to change the offering, including changing or eliminating usage limits, with 30 days' advance notice.'"},{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted, what the trial end does: 'If you don't upgrade to a Paid billing account before 90 days pass or if you spend the $300 in free credit, then your Free Trial billing account will be closed and all of its associated projects and resources will be stopped.' and 'Resources are stopped: All resources you created during the trial are stopped.'"},{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted, the billing account requirement for the free product: 'A Google Cloud billing account is required to access the Google Cloud Free Tier.'"},{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/billing/docs/how-to/close-or-reopen-billing-account","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted, that a non-billable billing account stops even free services: 'if your projects are linked to a Cloud Billing account that is not in a billable state (such as an account suspension or billing account closure), you can't use the products and services enabled in your projects. This is true even if your projects only use Google Cloud or other billing-eligible services that are free.'"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/terms/free-trial","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted, the trial clock and its end: 'The Free Trial starts when Customer creates a billing account in the Google Cloud console ... and ends on the earlier of: (i) the date that Customer's fees for usage exceed the $300 credit provided under the Free Trial, (ii) 3 months from the Free Trial Start Date (on this date any unused credit will expire), or (iii) the date that Customer upgrades to a paid Google Cloud Platform account.'"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/terms/free-trial","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted, the core limit inside the trial: 'Customer's use of Google Compute Engine is restricted to only eight cores of concurrent usage per Free Trial' and 'Google may terminate or modify the Free Trial at any time with or without notice to Customer.'"},{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/compute/docs/general-purpose-machines","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted, the shape: 'e2-micro sustains 2 vCPUs, each for 12.5% of CPU time totaling 25% CPU time.' and the table row 'e2-micro | 2 | 0.25 | 1' for vCPUs, fractional vCPUs and memory in GB; and 'e2-micro: 30 seconds' of burst at 100%"},{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/support/docs/troubleshoot-signup","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted, the signup failure modes: 'Billing address: Verify that the billing address, name, and contact details that you entered during the signup match the exact information on file with your payment card issuer or bank.' and 'Disable VPNs and proxies' and 'Make sure that your card supports international transactions and automatic recurring payments.'"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/signup-faqs","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted, the account prerequisite: 'Your Google account must have an email associated with it. Google accounts with only a phone number are not supported.' and the named error codes 'OR-CCSEH-26, OR-CCSEH-11, OR-CCSEH-25, OR-BSBBF-55, or OR-CCSEH-05'"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/signup-faqs","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted, per-person eligibility: 'Each user is eligible for the $300 free credit ... if you have never been a paying customer of Google Cloud, Google Maps Platform, or Firebase and you haven't previously signed up for the Google Cloud Free Trial.'"},{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/billing/docs/how-to/verify-bank","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted, the alternative payment route and its gate: 'To use a bank account as a primary payment method for self-serve (online) billing accounts, your account must have an established billing history with Google Cloud, including a minimum account age and a record of on-time payments.' - so a new account cannot start with a bank account"},{"url":"https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"the signup URL redirects to a Google account signup whose only readable field is the email address, so the Cloud form, and any phone step in it, is behind a Google login"}],"verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","notes":"SIGNUP PATH, read. There is no Google Cloud signup page: cloud.google.com/signup returns a 404 and console.cloud.google.com/freetrial redirects to a Google account signup at accounts.cloud.google.com, whose first field is an email address. The Cloud form comes after the Google account exists and asks for name, address and payment method, and in some countries a bank account instead. A card is not optional: 'you must provide a credit card or other payment method'. THE HOLD IS 0.00 TO 1.00 USD, published on the free-features page, and it is the widest published range of the three providers: a bank may convert it and hold it for 'a few days to a month'. THE DEBIT RULE has a second half that matters more than the first: debit is accepted with a Visa or Mastercard logo, but 'Debit cards that require two-factor authentication aren't accepted for payment', which excludes most European and many Asian debit cards that push a one-time password by SMS. Prepaid and virtual are refused. THE GRANT IS TWO PRODUCTS. The always-free e2-micro is a permanent monthly allowance. The USD 300 is a 90-day trial on the same billing account, and when it closes Google stops 'all of its associated projects and resources' - the documentation does not carve out the always-free instance the way Oracle's FAQ does for Always Free. A user who wants the e2-micro to survive month four has to upgrade to a paid billing account, and then the always-free allowance still covers the instance and the bill is zero, but the account is now billable and the 1 GB egress overage is chargeable. That is the caveat, and it is the difference between this row and Oracle's. WHAT IT IS USABLE FOR: 1 GB a month of egress out of North America is 0.09 per cent of one TiB (1e9 bytes against 1.0995e12), so it is a relay, a scheduler, a monitoring node or an SSH jump box, and not a host. Inbound listen works and it has a public ephemeral IP, not a static one; a static IP is billed separately. The shape is 0.25 sustained vCPU with a 30-second burst, so anything CPU-bound is slow. Not established: whether a phone number is required at signup, because no page read names one and the console form is behind a Google login; the phrase 'Google accounts with only a phone number are not supported' is about the account type, not about a verification step.","extras":{"shape":{"vcpu":2,"ram_gib":1,"disk_gib":30,"gpu_class":null,"gpu_count":null},"billing_model":"allocated","granularity":{"min_billed_s":60,"rounding_s":60},"session_cap":{"wall_clock_min":null,"idle_reap_s":null,"restart_required":false,"note":"no idle reaping; suspend and resume are user-initiated only; the 90-day trial clock is the clock that ends the account"},"keep_rate":{"value":1.0,"basis":"an instance bills its running hours against the monthly allowance","source":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features"},"persistent_storage":{"included_gib":30,"price_gib_month":"included to 30 GB-months","durability":"persistent disk","survives_stop":true,"survives_destroy":true,"max_retention":"no end date while a billing account is active"},"network_out":{"allow_outbound":true,"allow_inbound_listen":true,"ports":"a public ephemeral external IP; all ports reachable subject to firewall rules","static_ip":false,"ipv6":null,"per_session_bytes":"1 GB a month"},"free_tier_kind":"allowance","m10h_usd":0.0,"m24h_usd":0.0,"price_arithmetic":"one month of hours at 0.25 sustained vCPU; the whole allowance is one instance","payment_methods":{"card_at_signup":"yes","debit":"accepted-with-condition","prepaid":"refused","virtual":"refused","hold_amount":"USD 0.00 to USD 1.00","hold_detail":"an authorisation request, not a charge; released in a few days to a month, or 1 to 14 business days per the FAQ","identity":"name, address and payment method; no identity document","source_url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","read_on":"2026-10-24"},"signup":{"url":"https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial","redirects_to":"https://accounts.cloud.google.com/signup/email?continueUrl=https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial","form_fields":["Google account email (created first, at accounts.cloud.google.com)","name","address","payment method: card number, expiry, billing address","tax ID, when the law requires it","bank account instead of a card, in some countries, only with billing history"],"company_required":false,"id_document_required":false,"phone_required":"not named on any signup page read; unverified","source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/signup-faqs","read_on":"2026-10-24"}},"binding":"per-ip-shaping","binding_note":"1 GB of outbound a month is 0.09 per cent of one TiB: egress binds before the instance-hour allowance does","confidence_note":"The grant, the egress term, the shape, the card rules and the hold each come from a first-party page read and quoted on 2026-10-24. The signup field list is documented at the FAQ level; the console form itself is behind a Google login, so the phone question is left unverified rather than guessed.","tier":"Free Tier, reached through a Free Trial billing account"},"claims":[{"path":"$.extras.m10h_usd","kind":"price","num":0.0,"unit":"10 hours a day","per":"month","currency":"USD","usd":0.0,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.extras.m24h_usd","kind":"price","num":0.0,"unit":null,"per":"month","currency":"USD","usd":0.0,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":30.0,"unit":"GB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[0].value","kind":"limit:request-rate","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"},{"path":"$.limits[1].value","kind":"limit:per-ip-shaping","num":1.0,"unit":"GB","per":"month","currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[2].value","kind":"limit:per-object-cap","num":30.0,"unit":"GB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[3].value","kind":"limit:retention-clamped","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"}],"unknown":[["$.per_object_cap.notes","withheld"],["$.per_object_cap.stated","not-applicable"],["$.reliability_note","none-observed"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"compute/google-cloud-run","card":{"rid":"compute/google-cloud-run","eid":"google","topic":"compute","slug":"google-cloud-run","provider":"Google Cloud Run","url":"https://cloud.google.com/run/pricing","domain":"google.com","category":"serverless runtime","tier":"Free tier, request-based and instance-based billing","verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","vorder":1,"grp":"usable","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"documented","binding":"volume-quota","identity_kind":"card","identity_basis":"stated","needs_card":1,"needs_phone":0,"needs_id":0,"needs_institution":0,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"rest,cli","egress_metered":1,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-11-04T10:36:09.173Z","verified_basis":"live","checked_on":"2026-11-04","stale_on":"2026-12-05","n_evidence":8,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"per billing account, monthly: 2 million requests, 180,000 vCPU-seconds and 360,000 GiB-seconds under request-based billing; 240,000 vCPU-seconds and 450,000 ...","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":2,"free_unit":"seconds"},"record":{"topic":"compute","slug":"google-cloud-run","provider":"Google Cloud Run","url":"https://cloud.google.com/run/pricing","category":"serverless runtime","free_tier":{"stated":"per billing account, monthly: 2 million requests, 180,000 vCPU-seconds and 360,000 GiB-seconds under request-based billing; 240,000 vCPU-seconds and 450,000 GiB-seconds under instance-based billing; plus 1 GiB of outbound transfer from North America","unit":"seconds","metered_on":"wall-clock","source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/run/pricing","read_on":"2026-10-24"},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"a request may run up to 60 minutes; memory and CPU per instance are configurable"},"retention":{"stated":"no persistent disk; a container is stateless unless it mounts a volume or a bucket"},"egress":{"terms":"1 GiB of data transfer within North America free per month, then Google Cloud network pricing at the Premium tier","metered":true,"free_allowance":"1 GiB","source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/run/pricing"},"interface":["rest","cli"],"interface_detail":"an OCI image behind an HTTPS endpoint; the service listens on a port","tooling":"gcloud, the Cloud Run API, Docker; any language with an HTTP server","chaining":"the only free serverless tier here with 50 vCPU-hours and a listening socket","limits":[{"kind":"volume-quota","value":"240,000 vCPU-seconds and 450,000 GiB-seconds a month under instance-based billing","source":"https://cloud.google.com/run/pricing"},{"kind":"request-rate","value":"2 million requests a month under request-based billing","source":"https://cloud.google.com/run/pricing"},{"kind":"per-ip-shaping","value":"1 GiB a month of outbound transfer from North America","source":"https://cloud.google.com/run/pricing"},{"kind":"retention-clamped","value":"an idle instance is billed at the idle rate when a minimum instance is configured; scale to zero is the default","source":"https://cloud.google.com/run/pricing"}],"limits_note":"it was not resolved either","identity_cost":{"kind":"card","detail":"a card at signup; the free tier is a spending-based discount applied after the fact, not a prepaid allowance","country":null},"reliability_note":"a service scales to zero by default and pays a cold start on the next request; a minimum instance removes the cold start and starts the idle meter","confidence":"documented","confidence_note":"both free-tier tables and the per-second rates were read on the pricing page","evidence":[{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"Cloud Run free tier: 2 million requests, 360,000 GB-seconds of memory, 180,000 vCPU-seconds, 1 GB of outbound transfer a month"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/run/pricing","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted: 'Free tier (based on us-central1 pricing): CPU - First 240,000 vCPU-seconds free per month; RAM - First 450,000 GiB-seconds free per month' under instance-based billing"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/run/pricing","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted: 'CPU - First 180,000 vCPU-seconds free per month; RAM - First 360,000 GiB-seconds free per month; Requests - 2 million requests free per month' under request-based billing"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/run/pricing","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted: 'The free tier usage is aggregated across projects by billing account and resets every month'"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/run/pricing","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted rate table: 'CPU (per vCPU-second) ... $0.000018', 'Memory (per GiB-second) ... $0.000002', 'Idle time (Min instance1) $0.0000025'"},{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/run/deploy","date":"2026-11-04","proved":"a gcloud CLI command deploys Cloud Run services","capture":"sha256:b7ff69e60cc32dccbb8798ae608a40a168dd50305e4c466edefc84ac212643dd","quote":"gcloud run deploy - create or update a Cloud Run service"},{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/run/docs/reference/rest","date":"2026-11-04","proved":"Cloud Run has a documented REST API","capture":"sha256:d7cb56f36a18580c20497793c502708fa3b933d3a7846bab7481d1b0f6e287ac","quote":"REST Resource: v2.projects.locations.jobs"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/run/pricing","date":"2026-11-04","proved":"outbound data transfer has a 1 GiB monthly free allowance in North America, then network pricing","capture":"sha256:9ed141b1c6b4e7b6ed51e8eb96a00f16fa779326a4aff04d5ee28e3512de4bae","quote":"with a free tier of 1GiB free data transfer within North America per month."}],"verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","verified_at":"2026-11-04T10:36:09.173Z","price_per_tb_month":null,"notes":"Arithmetic from the published free tiers, not a measurement: at 0.25 vCPU and 512 MiB, an always-on instance needs 648,000 vCPU-seconds and 1,296,000 GiB-seconds a month. The memory grant runs out first, at 900,000 seconds, so the free tier holds an always-on 0.25 vCPU service for about 10.4 days a month. What is not verified is whether the 'Idle time (Min instance)' SKU is drawn from the same free tier; the page presents it as a separate rate.","extras":{"keep_rate":{"value":0.0,"basis":"a scaled-to-zero service does not bill","source":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features"},"keep_rate_basis":null,"billing_model":"per-100ms","shape":{"vcpu":0.25,"ram_gib":0.5,"disk_gib":null,"gpu_class":null,"gpu_count":null},"session_cap":{"wall_clock_min":60,"idle_reap_s":null,"restart_required":false,"note":"a request may run 60 minutes; the service scales to zero when idle unless a minimum instance is set"},"persistent_storage":{"included_gib":0,"price_gib_month":"Cloud Storage is separate","durability":"none in the runtime","survives_stop":false,"survives_destroy":false,"max_retention":"none"},"network_out":{"allow_outbound":true,"allow_inbound_listen":true,"ports":"the container port on a generated HTTPS hostname","static_ip":false,"ipv6":false,"per_session_bytes":null},"price_note":null,"granularity":{"min_billed_s":0.1,"rounding_s":0.1},"free_tier_kind":"monthly-spending-discount","open_question":"whether the grant applies to the Services meter or the Instances meter","gap":"the grant's meter (Services or Instances) is not resolved; the claim page's Instances section and footnotes would close it","burst_x":1.0,"term":"monthly","m10h_usd":0.0,"m24h_usd":0.0,"price_arithmetic":"free within the monthly grant; 512 MiB at 0.25 vCPU consumes the 450,000 GiB-second grant in 900,000 s = 10.4 days of 24/7"},"binding":"volume-quota","binding_note":"an always-on instance spends the monthly grant in about ten days: 450,000 GiB-seconds at 512 MiB is 900,000 seconds, 10.4 days.","tier":"Free tier, request-based and instance-based billing"},"claims":[{"path":"$.extras.m10h_usd","kind":"price","num":0.0,"unit":"10 hours a day","per":"month","currency":"USD","usd":0.0,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.extras.m24h_usd","kind":"price","num":0.0,"unit":null,"per":"month","currency":"USD","usd":0.0,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":360000.0,"unit":"GiB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[0].value","kind":"limit:volume-quota","num":450000.0,"unit":"GiB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[1].value","kind":"limit:request-rate","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"},{"path":"$.limits[2].value","kind":"limit:per-ip-shaping","num":1.0,"unit":"GiB","per":"month","currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[3].value","kind":"limit:retention-clamped","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"}],"unknown":[["$.extras.keep_rate_basis","process"],["$.extras.price_note","withheld"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"compute/google-cloud-shell","card":{"rid":"compute/google-cloud-shell","eid":"google","topic":"compute","slug":"google-cloud-shell","provider":"Google Cloud Shell","url":"https://cloud.google.com/shell/docs/limitations","domain":"google.com","category":"shared shell","tier":"free with a Google account","verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","vorder":1,"grp":"usable","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"documented","binding":"volume-quota","identity_kind":"email","identity_basis":"stated","needs_card":0,"needs_phone":0,"needs_id":0,"needs_institution":0,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"ssh","egress_metered":0,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-10-24T01:52:00.000Z","verified_basis":"live","checked_on":"2026-10-24","stale_on":"2026-11-24","n_evidence":11,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"50 hours a week of Cloud Shell, a 12-hour session cap, non-interactive sessions ended after 40 minutes, and 5 GB of persistent disk mounted as $HOME","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":0,"free_unit":"hours"},"record":{"topic":"compute","per_object_cap":{"stated":"not applicable: the unit is a session, not an object"},"interface":["ssh"],"interface_detail":"the browser terminal, or the gcloud CLI over a tunnel; no inbound port","tooling":"a full shell with gcloud, git, docker and language runtimes","chaining":"a 5 GB home directory that outlives the VM, and nothing else","limits":[{"kind":"volume-quota","value":"50 hours a week, resetting weekly","source":"https://cloud.google.com/shell/docs/quotas-limits"},{"kind":"volume-quota","value":"40 minutes for a non-interactive session; 12 hours maximum","source":"https://cloud.google.com/shell/docs/quotas-limits"},{"kind":"per-object-cap","value":"5 GB of persistent $HOME","source":"https://cloud.google.com/shell/docs/quotas-limits"}],"limits_note":"the 12-hour cap and the 40-minute non-interactive timeout are two different clocks and both bind","reliability_note":"the backing VM is not dedicated and terminates after 40 minutes of inactivity, so a background process does not survive the tab","confidence":"documented","verified_at":"2026-10-24T01:52:00.000Z","price_per_tb_month":null,"notes":"RAM and CPU are not on the quotas page read, so the shape is unverified. The 40-minute non-interactive rule is the decisive sentence for a daemon, and it is quoted verbatim.","slug":"google-cloud-shell","provider":"Google Cloud Shell","url":"https://cloud.google.com/shell/docs/limitations","category":"shared shell","free_tier":{"stated":"50 hours a week of Cloud Shell, a 12-hour session cap, non-interactive sessions ended after 40 minutes, and 5 GB of persistent disk mounted as $HOME","unit":"hours","metered_on":"wall-clock","source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/shell/docs/quotas-limits","notes":"The 50 hours is weekly, not monthly, which makes it the largest published hour budget.","read_on":"2026-10-24"},"retention":{"stated":"5 GB of $HOME persists between sessions and counts towards the 5 GB limit; anything outside $HOME is lost when the instance terminates","days":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/shell/docs/quotas-limits"},"egress":{"terms":"no separate egress allowance published for Cloud Shell itself","metered":false,"free_allowance":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/shell/docs/quotas-limits"},"identity_cost":{"kind":"email","detail":"a Google account; no card, and no Cloud project is needed to open Cloud Shell itself","country":null},"evidence":[{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/shell/docs/limitations","date":"2026-10-06","proved":"'Non-interactive sessions are ended automatically after 40 minutes. Cloud Shell sessions are capped at 12 hours'"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/shell/docs/limitations","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"read live: 12-hour session cap and 40-minute non-interactive timeout"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/shell/docs/quotas-limits","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted: 'The default weekly Cloud Shell quota is 50 hours.'"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/shell/docs/quotas-limits","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted: 'Cloud Shell provisions 5 GB of free persistent disk storage mounted as your $HOME directory'"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/shell/docs/quotas-limits","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted: 'terminates if your session is inactive for 40 minutes. After the instance is terminated, any modifications that you made outside your $HOME directory are lost.'"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/shell/docs/quotas-limits","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted: 'Cloud Shell sessions are capped at 12 hours, after which sessions automatically terminate.'"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/shell/docs/quotas-limits","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted: 'To prevent your $HOME directory from being deleted due to inactivity for 120 days, start a session.'"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/shell/docs/quotas-limits","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted: 'Cloud Shell is intended for interactive use only. Non-interactive sessions are ended automatically after 40 minutes. Cloud Shell sessions are capped at 12 hours, after which sessions automatically terminate.'"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/shell/docs/quotas-limits","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted, with a link and code span in the original: 'Cloud Shell provisions 5 GB of free [persistent disk storage](https://docs.cloud.google.com/compute/docs/disks/persistent-disks) mounted as your `$HOME` directory on the virtual machine instance.'"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/shell/docs/quotas-limits","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted, with the code span preserved: 'terminates if your session is inactive for 40 minutes. After the instance is terminated, any modifications that you made outside your `$HOME` directory are lost.'"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/shell/docs/quotas-limits","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"quoted: 'If you reach your quota, you'll need to wait until the date and time specified before you can use Cloud Shell again'"}],"verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","extras":{"shape":{"vcpu":null,"ram_gib":null,"disk_gib":5,"gpu_class":null,"gpu_count":null,"note":"the quotas page does not state vCPU or RAM; the ephemeral VM shape is unverified"},"billing_model":"free","session_cap":{"wall_clock_min":720,"idle_reap_s":2400,"restart_required":true,"note":"12 h maximum; 40 min non-interactive cut; 50 h/week"},"keep_rate":{"value":0.0,"basis":"the VM is ephemeral and free","source":"https://cloud.google.com/shell/docs/limitations"},"persistent_storage":{"included_gib":5,"price_gib_month":"free","durability":"$HOME only","survives_stop":true,"survives_destroy":false,"max_retention":"while the account exists"},"network_out":{"allow_outbound":true,"allow_inbound_listen":false,"ports":"outbound; inbound only through the web preview proxy","static_ip":false,"ipv6":false,"per_session_bytes":null},"free_tier_kind":"free-forever-with-quota","shape_note":"Google does not publish the vCPU or RAM of the Cloud Shell VM on the quotas page; only the 5 GB $HOME is stated. Both are null rather than guessed.","term":"none","m10h_usd":0.0,"m24h_usd":0.0,"price_arithmetic":"USD 0.00 for the weekly allowance","unattended":false,"unattended_mechanism":"none: 'Non-interactive sessions are ended automatically after 40 minutes'","units":"RAM and disk are quoted in the vendor's own decimal GB, not GiB. The ram_gib and disk_gib keys carry the vendor's number unconverted, so where a vendor writes 30 GB the key holds 30 and the true value is about 27.9 GiB. No conversion was performed."},"confidence_note":"quota, session caps and disk are quoted from Google's quotas-and-limits page today. The live path is /shell/docs/quotas-limits.","tier":"free with a Google account","binding":"volume-quota","binding_note":"the 40-minute non-interactive cut is what kills a daemon; the 50-hour week is generous but unrunnable unattended"},"claims":[{"path":"$.extras.m10h_usd","kind":"price","num":0.0,"unit":"10 hours a day","per":"month","currency":"USD","usd":0.0,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.extras.m24h_usd","kind":"price","num":0.0,"unit":null,"per":"month","currency":"USD","usd":0.0,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":50.0,"unit":"hours","per":"week","currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[0].value","kind":"limit:volume-quota","num":50.0,"unit":"hours","per":"week","currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[1].value","kind":"limit:volume-quota","num":40.0,"unit":"minutes","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[2].value","kind":"limit:per-object-cap","num":5.0,"unit":"GB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"}],"unknown":[],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"compute/google-cloud-spot","card":{"rid":"compute/google-cloud-spot","eid":"google","topic":"compute","slug":"google-cloud-spot","provider":"Google Cloud Spot","url":"https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/view-vm-availability","domain":"google.com","category":"GPU cloud","tier":null,"verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","vorder":1,"grp":"usable","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"documented","binding":"none","identity_kind":"card","identity_basis":"stated","needs_card":1,"needs_phone":0,"needs_id":0,"needs_institution":0,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":null,"egress_metered":null,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-11-02T02:17:36.634Z","verified_basis":"live","checked_on":"2026-11-02","stale_on":"2026-12-03","n_evidence":15,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"Google publishes two numbers that answer the survival question directly and neither is an interruption rate. Estimated uptime is 'the minimum amount of time ...","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":9,"free_unit":"hours"},"record":{"topic":"compute","slug":"google-cloud-spot","provider":"Google Cloud Spot","url":"https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/view-vm-availability","category":"GPU cloud","free_tier":{"stated":"Google publishes two numbers that answer the survival question directly and neither is an interruption rate. Estimated uptime is 'the minimum amount of time that you can expect most of your Spot VMs to run before Compute Engine preempts them', and it is bucketed into exactly three values: '60 minutes (3,600 seconds)', '10 minutes (600 seconds)' and '1 minute (60 seconds)'. Obtainability is a separate score from 0.0 to 1.0 for whether the creation request succeeds at all. The preemption rate from advice.capacityHistory is defined as 'Total preempted Spot VMs in a day' divided by 'Total Spot VMs that stopped running in a day'.","unit":"hours","metered_on":"wall-clock","source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/view-vm-availability","read_on":"2026-10-22","notes":"none"},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"not applicable","bytes":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/view-vm-availability","notes":null},"retention":{"stated":"not applicable","days":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/view-vm-availability","notes":null},"egress":{"terms":"not stated","metered":false,"free_allowance":null,"price_per_tb":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/view-vm-availability"},"interface":["unknown"],"interface_detail":"inferred from the tooling the provider documents; not probed","tooling":"not stated","chaining":"Estimated uptime is the one vendor-published figure a scheduler can gate on before launching: if it returns 10 minutes and the checkpoint interval is 10 minutes, is not worth the setup cost and the scheduler should move zone.","limits":[],"limits_note":"Estimated uptime is bucketed to three values and is a floor for the majority of VMs, so it cannot be converted into a per-hour probability without assuming a distribution.","binding":"none","binding_note":"Estimated uptime is bucketed to three values and is a floor for the majority of VMs, so it cannot be converted into a per-hour probability without assuming a distribution.","identity_cost":{"kind":"card","detail":"card: 'the Free Trial is USD 300 over 90 days and requires a credit card or other payment method at signup'. Google submits an authorisation request that is 'a hold, not an actual charge', with 'a value between $0.00 and $1.00 USD', typically released within a few days to a month. 'Prepaid cards aren't accepted for payment'; a debit card with a Visa or MasterCard logo is accepted but a debit card that requires two-factor authentication is not, and virtual cards 'may not be accepted'. Spot VMs sit outside the Free Tier - 'The Google Cloud Free Tier credits for Compute Engine don't apply to Spot VMs' - and a non-billable Free trial account cannot add GPUs or request a quota increase.","country":null},"reliability_note":"no reliability event recorded","confidence":"documented","evidence":[{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/view-vm-availability","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"estimated uptime is 'the minimum amount of time that you can expect most of your Spot VMs to run' and takes only the values 60 minutes, 10 minutes or 1 minute, quoted"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/view-spot-preemption-price","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"the preemption rate formula is total preempted Spot VMs in a day divided by total Spot VMs that stopped running in a day, and the rate is expressed as a fraction of VMs rather than of time, quoted"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/view-spot-preemption-price","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"preemption history covers 30 days per machine type and zone, and the feature cannot report N1 machine types with GPUs attached, custom machine types or TPUs"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/spot","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"the preemption notice duration can be set to 120 seconds or 0 seconds, 120 is recommended for workloads needing more than 30 seconds, and the shutdown period is best effort up to 30 seconds, quoted"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/create-use-spot","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"the gcloud flag is --preemption-notice-duration and the value must be either 120s or 0s, quoted"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/spot","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"'The Google Cloud Free Tier credits for Compute Engine don't apply to Spot VMs', quoted in the Spot VMs limitations list"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"on a non-billable Free trial account you cannot 'Add GPUs to your VM instances' and cannot 'Request a quota increase', quoted"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"the Free Trial is USD 300 over 90 days and requires a credit card or other payment method at signup, quoted"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/spot-vms/pricing","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"the accelerator table lists 'Current Spot pricing (USD)' per machine type, including a2-highgpu-1g at $2.20401, a3-highgpu-1g at $6.273932575 and g2-standard-4 at $0.423016, all for 1 hour"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/spot","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"Spot VMs offer 'up to 91% discounts for many machine types, GPUs, TPUs, and Local SSDs', and 'The Google Cloud Free Tier credits for Compute Engine don't apply to Spot VMs', quoted"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-11-02","proved":"the signup authorisation is a hold and not a charge","capture":"sha256:885a38c2b738a7e9ac34bffbae919db1163c80786856ff5f689da3a3bfe0b095","quote":"The authorization request is a hold, not an actual charge. No funds are withdrawn by Google."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-11-02","proved":"the published hold is between USD 0.00 and USD 1.00","capture":"sha256:885a38c2b738a7e9ac34bffbae919db1163c80786856ff5f689da3a3bfe0b095","quote":"The hold often appears as a pending transaction from Google, with a value between $0.00 and $1.00 USD."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/billing/docs/how-to/payment-methods","date":"2026-11-02","proved":"prepaid cards are refused outright","capture":"sha256:c9d96879efdd96efc7305484add62bd3cd08c188b27467b585329ff5896c529c","quote":"Prepaid cards aren't accepted for payment."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/support/docs/troubleshoot-signup","date":"2026-11-02","proved":"virtual cards may be refused, and are not listed as supported","capture":"sha256:c18efbc143b4da772ca84ca4bd0480ff31895730d9e1cc57d91b7ea12dae269b","quote":"Prepaid cards, virtual cards, and certain unverified business cards may not be accepted."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/billing/docs/how-to/payment-methods","date":"2026-11-02","proved":"a debit card is accepted except when it requires two-factor authentication","capture":"sha256:c9d96879efdd96efc7305484add62bd3cd08c188b27467b585329ff5896c529c","quote":"Debit cards that require two-factor authentication aren't accepted for payment."}],"verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","verified_at":"2026-11-02T02:17:36.634Z","notes":"The comparability trap is the denominator. A GCP preemption rate of 0.50 does not mean a VM has a 50 per cent chance of preemption in an hour; it means half of the VMs that stopped that day were stopped by preemption rather than by their owner. Published third-party tables that put 'GCP ~2.3 per cent per hour' next to an Azure per-hour eviction probability are mixing two statistics. Also of note: preemption history is unavailable for N1 machine types with GPUs attached, which is exactly the cheap GPU lane, and the whole feature is marked Preview. fails-identity via a05-spot. The one recorded is the better-evidenced.","extras":{"facets":{"class":"spot-arbitrage","free_tier_kind":"none","shape":null},"payment_methods":{"card_at_signup":"yes","debit":"accepted-with-condition","prepaid":"refused","virtual":"may be refused","hold_amount":"USD 0.00 to USD 1.00","hold_detail":"'The authorization request is a hold, not an actual charge. No funds are withdrawn by Google', with 'a value between $0.00 and $1.00 USD', 'typically released within a few days to a month'. A debit card with a Visa or MasterCard logo is accepted; a debit card that requires two-factor authentication is refused. 'Prepaid cards aren't accepted for payment.'","identity":"a card or another payment method at signup; the account is charged only for usage beyond the credit","source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","read_on":"2026-11-02"}}},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":0.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":60.0,"unit":"minutes","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"}],"unknown":[["$.egress.metered","egress-unknown"],["$.egress.terms","not-stated"],["$.interface","interface-unknown"],["$.per_object_cap.notes","process"],["$.per_object_cap.stated","not-applicable"],["$.reliability_note","none-observed"],["$.retention.notes","process"],["$.retention.stated","not-applicable"],["$.tooling","not-stated"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"compute/google-cloud-text-to-speech","card":{"rid":"compute/google-cloud-text-to-speech","eid":"google","topic":"compute","slug":"google-cloud-text-to-speech","provider":"Google Cloud Text-to-Speech","url":"https://cloud.google.com/text-to-speech/pricing","domain":"google.com","category":"inference API","tier":null,"verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","vorder":1,"grp":"usable","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"documented","binding":"volume-quota","identity_kind":"card","identity_basis":"stated","needs_card":1,"needs_phone":0,"needs_id":0,"needs_institution":0,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"rest","egress_metered":null,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-11-04T05:24:57.573Z","verified_basis":"live","checked_on":"2026-11-04","stale_on":"2026-12-05","n_evidence":7,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"A recurring monthly free allowance per voice class, not a one-time credit: 'WaveNet voices 0 to 4 million characters', 'Standard voices 0 to 4 million charac...","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":8,"free_unit":"hours"},"record":{"topic":"compute","slug":"google-cloud-text-to-speech","provider":"Google Cloud Text-to-Speech","url":"https://cloud.google.com/text-to-speech/pricing","category":"inference API","free_tier":{"stated":"A recurring monthly free allowance per voice class, not a one-time credit: 'WaveNet voices 0 to 4 million characters', 'Standard voices 0 to 4 million characters', 'Chirp 3: HD voices 0 to 1 million characters', 'Studio voices 0 to 1 million characters', 'Neural2 voices 0 to 1 million characters'. Over the allowance the price is 'US$4 per 1 million characters' for WaveNet and Standard, 'US$30 per 1 million' for Chirp 3 HD and Studio at 'US$160 per 1 million'. At the common 1,000 characters a minute, 4 million characters is about 66 hours of speech a month.","unit":"hours","metered_on":"wall-clock","source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/text-to-speech/pricing","read_on":"2026-10-22","notes":"recurring-monthly-allowance"},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"not applicable","bytes":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/text-to-speech/pricing","notes":null},"retention":{"stated":"not applicable","days":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/text-to-speech/pricing","notes":null},"egress":{"terms":"not stated","metered":false,"free_allowance":null,"price_per_tb":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/text-to-speech/pricing"},"interface":["rest"],"interface_detail":"REST API at texttospeech.googleapis.com (v1 and v1beta1), documented; Cloud Client Libraries wrap it.","tooling":"Cloud Client Libraries (Python google-cloud-texttospeech, Node.js @google-cloud/text-to-speech, Go, Java, C#, C++); the REST API directly.","chaining":"What breaks: the Gemini-family TTS models have 'Not available' in the free column, so the newest voices are excluded, and an accidental loop over a long document bills at USD 4 per million characters.","limits":[{"kind":"volume-quota","value":"the allowance resets monthly but the account must be a billing account: 'You must enable billing to use Text-to-Speech, and will be automatically charged if your usage exceeds the number of free characters allowed per month', so a card is required before the first character is synthesised and an overrun bills silently.","source":"https://cloud.google.com/text-to-speech/pricing"}],"limits_note":"the allowance resets monthly but the account must be a billing account: 'You must enable billing to use Text-to-Speech, and will be automatically charged if your usage exceeds the number of free characters allowed per month', so a card is required before the first character is synthesised and an overrun bills silently.","binding":"volume-quota","binding_note":"the allowance resets monthly but the account must be a billing account: 'You must enable billing to use Text-to-Speech, and will be automatically charged if your usage exceeds the number of free characters allowed per month', so a card is required before the first character is synthesised and an overrun bills silently.","identity_cost":{"kind":"card","detail":null,"country":null},"reliability_note":"no reliability event recorded","confidence":"documented","evidence":[{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/text-to-speech/pricing","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"the free usage table prints 'WaveNet voices 0 to 4 million characters', 'Standard voices 0 to 4 million characters', 'Chirp 3: HD voices 0 to 1 million characters', 'Studio voices 0 to 1 million characters', 'Neural2 voices 0 to 1 million characters', quoted"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/text-to-speech/pricing","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"'You must enable billing to use Text-to-Speech, and will be automatically charged if your usage exceeds the number of free characters allowed per month', quoted"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/text-to-speech/pricing","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"'Chirp 3: HD voices ... US$0.00003 per character (US$30 per 1 million characters)' and 'WaveNet voices ... US$0.000004 per character (US$4 per 1 million characters)', quoted"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/text-to-speech/pricing","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"the Gemini TTS rows print 'Free usage limit: Not available', so the newest models are outside the allowance, quoted"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/text-to-speech/docs/reference/rest","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"the service is a REST API","capture":"sha256:5841e136391e30fa363cc82616004b0730334ee1adaa5615398589c899eb0ae8","quote":"## Service: texttospeech.googleapis.com"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/text-to-speech/docs/reference/rest","date":"2026-11-04","proved":"the documented REST service endpoint of Cloud Text-to-Speech","capture":"sha256:5841e136391e30fa363cc82616004b0730334ee1adaa5615398589c899eb0ae8","quote":"- `https://texttospeech.googleapis.com`"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/text-to-speech/docs/libraries","date":"2026-11-04","proved":"google-cloud-texttospeech is the documented Python client library","capture":"sha256:77681be7f6b1fe2dd7f7f96742465db9a3d3bf86c1ee384b9453a597f318b260","quote":"pip install --upgrade google-cloud-texttospeech"}],"verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","verified_at":"2026-11-04T05:24:57.573Z","notes":"These are inference credits, not general compute. The 66-hour figure is a division at 1,000 characters a minute; Google publishes characters, not hours. Not probed: no project was created; the card requirement is documented on the pricing page.","extras":{"facets":{"class":"perpetual-free-allowance","free_tier_kind":"recurring-monthly-allowance","shape":{"vcpu":null,"ram_gib":null,"gpu_class":null,"gpu_count":0}}}},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":66.0,"unit":"hours","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[0].value","kind":"limit:volume-quota","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"}],"unknown":[["$.egress.metered","egress-unknown"],["$.egress.terms","not-stated"],["$.identity_cost.detail","process"],["$.per_object_cap.notes","process"],["$.per_object_cap.stated","not-applicable"],["$.reliability_note","none-observed"],["$.retention.notes","process"],["$.retention.stated","not-applicable"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"compute/google-colab","card":{"rid":"compute/google-colab","eid":"google","topic":"compute","slug":"google-colab","provider":"Google Colab","url":"https://research.google.com/colaboratory/faq.html","domain":"google.com","category":"notebook runtime","tier":"free (no subscription)","verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","vorder":1,"grp":"usable","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"documented","binding":"volume-quota","identity_kind":"email","identity_basis":"stated","needs_card":0,"needs_phone":0,"needs_id":0,"needs_institution":0,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"rest,cli","egress_metered":0,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-10-24T01:52:00.000Z","verified_basis":"live","checked_on":"2026-10-24","stale_on":"2026-11-24","n_evidence":10,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"free of charge access to computing resources including GPUs and TPUs; a notebook runs for at most 12 hours; usage limits, idle timeout, maximum VM lifetime a...","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":1,"free_unit":"hours"},"record":{"topic":"compute","per_object_cap":{"stated":"not applicable: the unit is a session, not an object"},"interface":["rest","cli"],"interface_detail":"a notebook in the browser; no SSH and no inbound port","tooling":"Jupyter; the Colab client; no shell beyond the notebook's","chaining":"a notebook is not a machine: nothing survives the runtime, so it cannot hold state or serve","limits_note":"a documented absence: 'Colab does not publish these limits' is a discretionary throttle, not a quota","reliability_note":"Colab states outright that it prioritises interactive users and that runtimes time out when idle, so a long job is cut for reasons a user cannot see","confidence":"documented","verified_at":"2026-10-24T01:52:00.000Z","price_per_tb_month":null,"slug":"google-colab","provider":"Google Colab","url":"https://research.google.com/colaboratory/faq.html","category":"notebook runtime","free_tier":{"stated":"free of charge access to computing resources including GPUs and TPUs; a notebook runs for at most 12 hours; usage limits, idle timeout, maximum VM lifetime and GPU types are not published and vary over time","unit":"hours","metered_on":"unstated","source_url":"https://research.google.com/colaboratory/faq.html","notes":"There is no published GPU-hour number. 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the quota is 100 new orders per hour per Google Cloud project, with wildcard names over the DNS chall...","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":0,"free_unit":"requests"},"record":{"topic":"domains-dns","slug":"google-trust-services","provider":"Google Trust Services","url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/certificate-manager/docs/public-ca","category":"certificate authority","tier":"Public CA (Certificate Manager)","free_tier":{"stated":"certificates from the Public CA ACME endpoint are free; the quota is 100 new orders per hour per Google Cloud project, with wildcard names over the DNS challenge","unit":"requests","source_url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/certificate-manager/docs/public-ca-tutorial","read_on":"2026-11-03","metered_on":"request-count"},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"no certificate size cap stated on the pages read; the quotas are on requests and not on objects","bytes":null,"source_url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/certificate-manager/docs/public-ca-tutorial"},"retention":{"stated":"certificates are good for up to 90 days by default and a client may ask for as little as 1 day; the ACME account has no expiry, and an EAB secret must be used within 7 days","days":90,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/identity-security/automate-public-certificate-lifecycle-management-via--acme-client-api"},"egress":{"terms":"no charge","metered":false,"free_allowance":null,"price_per_tb":null,"source_url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/certificate-manager/docs/public-ca-tutorial"},"interface":["rest","cli"],"interface_detail":"ACME v2 at https://dv.acme-v02.api.pki.goog/directory (staging at https://dv.acme-v02.test-api.pki.goog/directory) with external account binding required; the EAB key is made with the Public CA API or gcloud publicca external-account-keys create","tooling":"certbot, acme.sh, any ACME client that supports EAB, the gcloud CLI for the EAB key","chaining":"a free ACME CA run by a different operator than Let's Encrypt and ZeroSSL, with wildcard names over DNS-01 and certificates down to 1 day; the cost is a Google Cloud project that must be linked to a Cloud Billing account","limits":[{"kind":"request-rate","value":"100 new orders per hour per Google Cloud project, shared by all ACME accounts in that project","source":"https://cloud.google.com/certificate-manager/docs/quotas"},{"kind":"request-rate","value":"25 new accounts per minute and 100 per hour","source":"https://cloud.google.com/certificate-manager/docs/quotas"},{"kind":"write-gated","value":"an EAB secret is valid 7 days and registers one ACME account only","source":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/certificate-manager/docs/public-ca-tutorial"},{"kind":"retention-clamped","value":"certificates are good for up to 90 days","source":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/identity-security/automate-public-certificate-lifecycle-management-via--acme-client-api"}],"binding":"request-rate","binding_note":"100 new orders per hour per project bounds issuance, far above one user's need; the billing link on the project is the gate that decides who can use it","identity_cost":{"kind":"card","detail":"a Google Cloud project is required, and the Cloud Billing page says a project not linked to an active Cloud Billing account cannot use Google Cloud services even when they are free; that account is tied to a Google payments profile and a payment method; the Public CA tutorial lists no billing step, so whether the Public CA API can be enabled with no payment method on file is unverified: behind a sign-up (https://docs.cloud.google.com/billing/docs/how-to/create-billing-account, https://docs.cloud.google.com/ruby/docs/reference/google-cloud-security-public_ca/latest)","country":null},"reliability_note":"the ACME service does not support retrying a challenge, so a client requests a new authorization after a failed validation; no outage history was read","confidence":"documented","confidence_note":"the Public CA tutorial, concepts page, quota page, Google blog and ACME divergence page were captured and quoted; the production directory answered 200 with externalAccountRequired true. The card requirement is read from the billing page and a client-library quick start and was not seen at a sign-up.","evidence":[{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/certificate-manager/docs/public-ca-tutorial","date":"2026-11-03","capture":"sha256:419077766ca6e2cb326b0fec7e7261b37f86ed91abf4b6ed39e9fe62a05443f0","quote":"There is no charge for requesting certificates from Public CA.","proved":"Public CA certificates are free"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/certificate-manager/docs/quotas","date":"2026-11-03","capture":"sha256:b965a9ed8fbe449a9db04b5155be5e62282cf6eff7da3e6b5a83e1a08bb14076","quote":"| Request a certificate (`newOrder`) | 100 per hour | Maximum number of new certificate requests |","proved":"100 new orders per hour"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/certificate-manager/docs/quotas","date":"2026-11-03","capture":"sha256:b965a9ed8fbe449a9db04b5155be5e62282cf6eff7da3e6b5a83e1a08bb14076","quote":"| Create an ACME account (`newAccount`) | 25 per minute, 100 per hour | Maximum number of account creation requests |","proved":"account creation quota"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/certificate-manager/docs/quotas","date":"2026-11-03","capture":"sha256:b965a9ed8fbe449a9db04b5155be5e62282cf6eff7da3e6b5a83e1a08bb14076","quote":"Certificate Manager applies quotas at the Google Cloud project level.","proved":"quotas are per project and shared by ACME accounts"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/certificate-manager/docs/public-ca","date":"2026-11-03","capture":"sha256:1c5d54fc3a98a6cc11cfa10dd6b02b69aedcb28f3d6c7aa81e7a76645f3da0a6","quote":"if you validate `*.myorg.example.com` using the DNS challenge, then","proved":"wildcard names are validated by the DNS challenge"},{"url":"https://developers.google.com/public-key-infrastructure/updates/september2025-acme-best-practices","date":"2026-11-03","capture":"sha256:10363716054ed8980006d4c49d4610419e9ce7bb0afb10c2afaebd353dbe22e0","quote":"wildcard certificates can only be obtained using DNS ACME challenges.","proved":"wildcards need DNS-01"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/identity-security/automate-public-certificate-lifecycle-management-via--acme-client-api","date":"2026-11-03","capture":"sha256:d02061bee58fdf9470312de950e8cce5574f209a1833df9352eaa3081744b7f5","quote":"By default all certificates issued by Google Trust Services are good for up to 90 days","proved":"validity up to 90 days, shorter on request"},{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/certificate-manager/docs/public-ca-tutorial","date":"2026-11-03","capture":"sha256:419077766ca6e2cb326b0fec7e7261b37f86ed91abf4b6ed39e9fe62a05443f0","quote":"You must use an EAB secret within 7 days of obtaining it.","proved":"the EAB secret expires in 7 days"},{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/certificate-manager/docs/public-ca-tutorial","date":"2026-11-03","capture":"sha256:419077766ca6e2cb326b0fec7e7261b37f86ed91abf4b6ed39e9fe62a05443f0","quote":"You can only register one ACME account with an EAB secret.","proved":"one account per EAB secret"},{"url":"https://developers.google.com/public-key-infrastructure/faq/get-a-certificate","date":"2026-11-03","capture":"sha256:6f7d655dc472e104afddc86823c96cb15f7ceee4bfe146bc3505a8ec26d13b0a","quote":"All Google Cloud users can get certificates from Google Trust Services.","proved":"access is through a Google Cloud account"},{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/billing/docs/how-to/create-billing-account","date":"2026-11-03","capture":"sha256:633392c4fda5bba726343405548ca0106304023e204f54ab1ecacaaf508f3cc5","quote":"Projects that are not linked to an active Cloud Billing account can't use Google Cloud or Google Maps Platform services.","proved":"a project needs an active billing account, free services included"},{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/billing/docs/how-to/create-billing-account","date":"2026-11-03","capture":"sha256:633392c4fda5bba726343405548ca0106304023e204f54ab1ecacaaf508f3cc5","quote":"You can choose an existing Google payments profile, or create a new payments profile.","proved":"a billing account is tied to a Google payments profile"},{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/ruby/docs/reference/google-cloud-security-public_ca/latest","date":"2026-11-03","capture":"sha256:53076e454d4997ec1f4934a22467f13d899386df6cc5f704573bf463b7332217","quote":"Enable billing for your project.","proved":"the Public CA client library lists enabling billing as a prerequisite"},{"url":"https://developers.google.com/public-key-infrastructure/faq/acme-divergences","date":"2026-11-03","capture":"sha256:361e081f718f531ac4f3b6319548fb66001b5ff46a30681a5367b384fbb39dc8","quote":"Retrying challenges is not supported.","proved":"a failed challenge is not retried"},{"url":"probe:https://dv.acme-v02.api.pki.goog/directory","date":"2026-11-03","capture":"sha256:c50804673116997d94144ffc9f1122a3e38831fa87d9069dd1d95b0072e931fd","quote":"\"externalAccountRequired\":true","proved":"the production ACME directory is live (HTTP 200, 739 bytes) and requires external account binding"}],"verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","verified_at":"2026-11-03T16:43:09.557Z","price_per_tb_month":null,"notes":"The 90-day figure is the default for the ACME endpoint. Certificate Manager's own Google-managed certificates are moving to 45 days, which is a different path from a client using ACME directly."},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"},{"path":"$.limits[0].value","kind":"limit:request-rate","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"},{"path":"$.limits[1].value","kind":"limit:request-rate","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"},{"path":"$.limits[2].value","kind":"limit:write-gated","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"},{"path":"$.limits[3].value","kind":"limit:retention-clamped","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"}],"unknown":[],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"inference/google-cloud-translation","card":{"rid":"inference/google-cloud-translation","eid":"google","topic":"inference","slug":"google-cloud-translation","provider":"Google Cloud Translation","url":"https://cloud.google.com/translate/pricing","domain":"google.com","category":"machine translation API, monthly free character allowance behind a billing account","tier":"Basic and Advanced (NMT model)","verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","vorder":1,"grp":"usable","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"documented","binding":"volume-quota","identity_kind":"card","identity_basis":"stated","needs_card":1,"needs_phone":0,"needs_id":0,"needs_institution":0,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"rest","egress_metered":null,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-11-03T07:34:02.146Z","verified_basis":"live","checked_on":"2026-11-03","stale_on":"2026-12-04","n_evidence":12,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"the first 500,000 characters per month of language detection and text translation with the NMT model are free, applied as a $10 credit every month; the credi...","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":2,"free_unit":"mixed"},"record":{"topic":"inference","slug":"google-cloud-translation","provider":"Google Cloud Translation","url":"https://cloud.google.com/translate/pricing","category":"machine translation API, monthly free character allowance behind a billing account","tier":"Basic and Advanced (NMT model)","free_tier":{"stated":"the first 500,000 characters per month of language detection and text translation with the NMT model are free, applied as a $10 credit every month; the credit is shared by Cloud Translation - Basic and Advanced and does not roll over; above that the price is $20.00 per 1,000,000 characters","unit":"mixed","metered_on":"unstated","source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/translate/pricing","read_on":"2026-11-03","notes":"the true unit is source characters per month; the schema vocabulary has no character unit, so mixed is the nearest term. The credit does not apply to formatted document translations (DOCX, PPT and PDF are priced per page), and custom models and the translation LLM are priced separately with no free allowance on the page"},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"recommended maximum 5K characters per request; Cloud Translation - Advanced accepts up to 30K code points per request and Basic up to 100K bytes; larger requests answer 400 INVALID_ARGUMENT; batch translation is the route for more content","source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/translate/quotas"},"retention":{"stated":"not applicable: a translation endpoint stores nothing for the caller"},"egress":{"terms":null,"metered":false},"interface":["rest"],"tooling":"REST API (v2 Basic and v3 Advanced) at translation.googleapis.com, and Google client libraries; every call needs an API key or other credentials of a Google Cloud project with billing enabled and the Cloud Translation API enabled","chaining":"the monthly free allowance is per billing account and shared by Basic and Advanced; the Free Trial credit is a separate, one-time offer","limits":[{"kind":"volume-quota","value":"first 500,000 characters per month free (a $10 monthly credit that does not roll over); $20.00 per 1,000,000 characters above it","source":"https://cloud.google.com/translate/pricing"},{"kind":"request-rate","value":"6,000,000 characters per project per minute to the general model (v2 and v3); characters per day are unlimited","source":"https://cloud.google.com/translate/quotas"},{"kind":"per-object-cap","value":"30K code points per request on Advanced; 100K bytes on Basic; 5K characters recommended","source":"https://cloud.google.com/translate/quotas"}],"identity_cost":{"kind":"card","detail":"billing must be enabled for the project ('You must enable billing to use Cloud Translation.'); the Google Cloud Free Trial sign-up asks for a credit card or other payment method, and in some countries a bank account verification","country":null},"reliability_note":"the free allowance is a monthly $10 credit: above 500,000 characters a month the usage is billed to the billing account at the standard rate, and the daily character quota is unlimited by default","confidence":"documented","confidence_note":"the free allowance, the price above it, the request limits, the billing requirement and the language list are quoted from the vendor's pricing, quota, setup, free-trial and language pages; the unauthenticated refusal is measured.","evidence":[{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/translate/pricing","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"the first 500,000 characters per month of NMT text translation and language detection are free as a $10 monthly credit","capture":"sha256:f6a62f201e98aaf45f6912e97089b0c6fe544e872a5189d68f3ed84da1f52ad3","quote":"| First 500,000 characters per month | Free (applied as $10 credit every month) | - | - |"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/translate/pricing","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"above 500,000 characters per month NMT is $20.00 per million","capture":"sha256:f6a62f201e98aaf45f6912e97089b0c6fe544e872a5189d68f3ed84da1f52ad3","quote":"|  |  | Over 500,000 characters per month | $20.00 | $18.00 | $16.00 |"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/translate/pricing","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"the credit is shared by Basic and Advanced, is up to $10 and does not roll over","capture":"sha256:f6a62f201e98aaf45f6912e97089b0c6fe544e872a5189d68f3ed84da1f52ad3","quote":"† Credit usage applies collectively to both Cloud Translation - Basic and Cloud Translation - Advanced. The credit is up to $10, based on your usage and does not roll over."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/translate/quotas","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"the general model quota is 6,000,000 characters per project per minute","capture":"sha256:fd85b7f16ed703bf207991d06968157aec7dfcda92e17cd07ace737df4a9009b","quote":"| Characters sent to general model per project per minute (v2 and v3) | 6,000,000 |"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/translate/quotas","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"the daily character quota is unlimited","capture":"sha256:fd85b7f16ed703bf207991d06968157aec7dfcda92e17cd07ace737df4a9009b","quote":"| Characters sent to general model per project per day (v2 and v3) | unlimited |"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/translate/quotas","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"Advanced accepts up to 30K code points and Basic up to 100K bytes per request","capture":"sha256:fd85b7f16ed703bf207991d06968157aec7dfcda92e17cd07ace737df4a9009b","quote":"30K. Cloud Translation - Basic has a maximum request size of 100K bytes."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/translate/quotas","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"the recommended request length is 5K characters","capture":"sha256:fd85b7f16ed703bf207991d06968157aec7dfcda92e17cd07ace737df4a9009b","quote":"maximum length for each request is 5K characters"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/translate/docs/setup","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"billing must be enabled to use Cloud Translation","capture":"sha256:91b94ace7883f8cd60c5c5ca81bf8fa2d061fdd2a9f1d15408d8976bb0c6efac","quote":"You must enable billing to use Cloud Translation."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"the Free Trial sign-up takes a credit card or other payment method","capture":"sha256:1b2c72166c369756ff5dff598a4a1f009ccc902f90e5efcd6100de6e0ab17c85","quote":"During the sign up, you must provide a credit card or other payment method"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/translate/docs/languages","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"translation between any two languages of the NMT list is supported","capture":"sha256:b2427b577e3786598a17b79b8ab0182b8c3b583cc82708ac232eecf3f839c284","quote":"Translations from any language to any language in this list are supported."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/translate/docs/languages","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"the NMT language table ends with Zulu","capture":"sha256:b2427b577e3786598a17b79b8ab0182b8c3b583cc82708ac232eecf3f839c284","quote":"| Zulu | `zu` |"},{"url":"probe:translation.googleapis.com/language/translate/v2/languages","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"the API host refuses a caller with no key or identity with HTTP 403, so there is no keyless route","capture":"sha256:7156aa359dc6d1c957aebfe92356d3b42291ef0d3694160fdd69055a45849de4","quote":"Method doesn't allow unregistered callers (callers without established identity). Please use API Key or other form of API consumer identity to call this API."}],"verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","verified_at":"2026-11-03T07:34:02.146Z","binding":"volume-quota","binding_note":"the 500,000 characters per month free allowance runs out first; the card on the billing account is the identity gate","endpoint":"https://translation.googleapis.com/language/translate/v2","notes":"Supported languages: the NMT table on the language page runs from Abkhaz to Zulu, with translation between any pair listed. Character limit per request: 5K recommended, 30K code points on Advanced, 100K bytes on Basic. Keyless: no. The Free Trial credit and the always-free monthly allowance are separate offers."},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":10.0,"unit":"credit","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[0].value","kind":"limit:volume-quota","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"},{"path":"$.limits[1].value","kind":"limit:request-rate","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"},{"path":"$.limits[2].value","kind":"limit:per-object-cap","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"}],"unknown":[["$.egress.metered","egress-unknown"],["$.egress.terms","process"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"storage/gemini-notebook-source-corpus","card":{"rid":"storage/gemini-notebook-source-corpus","eid":"google","topic":"storage","slug":"gemini-notebook-source-corpus","provider":"Gemini Notebook (formerly NotebookLM) — source corpus","url":"https://support.google.com/gemininotebook/answer/16269187?hl=en","domain":"google.com","category":"AI notebook / RAG product","tier":null,"verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","vorder":1,"grp":"usable","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"reported","binding":"per-object-cap","identity_kind":"email","identity_basis":"stated","needs_card":0,"needs_phone":null,"needs_id":0,"needs_institution":0,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"rest,cli","egress_metered":0,"per_object_bytes":200000000,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-11-01T18:05:08.099Z","verified_basis":"inherited","checked_on":"2026-10-21","stale_on":"2026-11-05","n_evidence":10,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"Also 500,000 words/source cap and no page limit.","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":8,"free_unit":"TB"},"record":{"topic":"storage","slug":"gemini-notebook-source-corpus","provider":"Gemini Notebook (formerly NotebookLM) — source corpus","url":"https://support.google.com/gemininotebook/answer/16269187?hl=en","category":"AI notebook / RAG product","free_tier":{"stated":"Also 500,000 words/source cap and no page limit.","unit":"TB","metered_on":"unstated","source_url":"https://support.google.com/gemininotebook/answer/16213268?hl=en","read_on":"2026-10-21","notes":null},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"per-object-cap 200 MB","bytes":200000000,"source_url":"https://support.google.com/notebooklm/answer/16269187?hl=en","notes":"not stated"},"retention":{"stated":"not stated","source_url":"https://support.google.com/gemininotebook/answer/16213268?hl=en","notes":"not stated"},"egress":{"terms":"No egress metering or fee anywhere in the product. Reads happen through Google's own UI/API, not a CDN URL.","metered":false},"interface":["rest","cli"],"interface_detail":"No official public API for consumer accounts. Working path is the reverse-engineered internal batchexecute API: `notebooklm-py` (19,838 stars, pushed 2026-10-21) exposes Python, CLI, MCP server, and a local REST server; `notebooklm-mcp` (202) and `notebooklm-rest-api` (91) wrap it.","tooling":"pip install notebooklm-py; `notebooklm source add`, `notebooklm ask`, `notebooklm generate`, `notebooklm download`. Google Cloud has a separate documented Enterprise API (notebooks.sources.uploadFile) that requires a Workspace/Cloud entitlement.","chaining":"100 notebooks x 50 x 200 MB = 1 TB per Google account. Google accounts are free and email-only, so N accounts linearise. Upskilling to Plus/Pro only raises the per-notebook source cap (100/300), so the notebook count stays at 200/500 — the free tier already gives the widest notebook multiplier per dollar.","limits":[{"kind":"per-object-cap","value":"per-object-cap 200 MB","source":"https://support.google.com/notebooklm/answer/16269187?hl=en"}],"limits_note":"per-object-cap 200 MB or 500,000 words. Notebook cap is per-user; source cap is per-notebook; 'sharing a notebook does not change the source limit for any collaborator'. Copy-protected PDFs are rejected outright. Consumer API is undocumented and Google has changed enforced limits without updating the published tables.","identity_cost":{"kind":"email","detail":"a Google Account: the plans page states 'Sign up free of charge by using your gmail account', and the help centre requires verifying age in that Google Account before access. No card appears in that flow; whether a phone number is asked for was not read.","country":null},"reliability_note":"READ-BACK IS EXTRACTED TEXT, NOT ORIGINAL BYTES. There is no 'download source' button; the platform keeps a static extracted copy and the original file is not retrievable. Third-party extensions (Notebook Clipper, nlm tools, notebooklm-tui) export sources as Markdown/TXT/PDF of the extracted text; notebooklm-tui saves PDFs as per-page PNGs. It is a genuine 1 TB of free ingest, and a genuinely usable grounded-RAG corpus, but it is not a byte-exact archive. Rate limits apply and heavy use is throttled; the shared CI account-pool discussion in the wrapper's own docs is the tell.","confidence":"reported","confidence_note":null,"evidence":[{"url":"https://support.google.com/gemininotebook/answer/16269187?hl=en","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"'The current limit is 500,000 words per source or up to 200MB for local uploads. There's no page limit.'"},{"url":"https://support.google.com/gemininotebook/answer/16213268?hl=en","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"'Notebooks | 100/user'; 'Sources | 50/notebook' (Standard column); 'Sharing a notebook does not change the source limit'"},{"url":"https://github.com/teng-lin/notebooklm-py","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"19,838 stars, description 'Full programmatic access to Gemini Notebook's features—including capabilities the web UI doesn't expose'; pushed_at 2026-10-21T19:38:11Z"},{"url":"https://notebookclipper.com/docs/notebook/export-sources","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"export is 'the text Gemini Notebook extracted from each source, as Markdown, plain text or PDF' — not the original file"},{"url":"https://ainotechou.com/notelm-source/","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"'元のPDFには戻らない！HTML形式への変換' (does not return to the original PDF)"},{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/gemini/enterprise/notebooklm-enterprise/docs/api-notebooks-sources","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"separate Enterprise API exists but is entitlement-gated"},{"url":"https://support.google.com/gemininotebook/answer/16213268?hl=en","date":"2026-11-01","proved":"the standard plan is signed up for with a gmail account at no charge","capture":"sha256:2c611f89448b3ed57827f6be00909817cc2bceb5e09d24107fcea9c349360f22","quote":"Sign up free of charge by using your gmail account."},{"url":"https://support.google.com/notebooklm/answer/16269187?hl=en","date":"2026-11-01","proved":"the 200 MB per-source cap is stated on the frequently-asked-questions page, not on the plans page the row named","capture":"sha256:abd636bb23f8fafa72c460ba5f2cd59b68553639ccf4b227eece85eccf7416d9","quote":"The current limit is 500,000 words per source or up to 200MB for local uploads. There’s no page limit."},{"url":"https://support.google.com/notebooklm/answer/16269187?hl=en","date":"2026-11-01","proved":"the 200 MB per-source limit is stated on this page","capture":"sha256:abd636bb23f8fafa72c460ba5f2cd59b68553639ccf4b227eece85eccf7416d9","quote":"The file size exceeds the allowed 200MB limit."},{"url":"https://support.google.com/gemininotebook/answer/16213268?hl=en","date":"2026-11-01","proved":"the standard plan is still 100 notebooks per user, and 50 sources per notebook on the same table","capture":"sha256:2c611f89448b3ed57827f6be00909817cc2bceb5e09d24107fcea9c349360f22","quote":"| Notebooks | 100/user | 200/user | 500/user | 500/user | 500/user |"}],"verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","verified_at":"2026-11-01T18:05:08.099Z","notes":"Also 500,000 words/source cap and no page limit.","extras":{},"binding":"per-object-cap","binding_note":null},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"},{"path":"$.limits[0].value","kind":"limit:per-object-cap","num":200.0,"unit":"MB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"}],"unknown":[["$.binding_note","boilerplate"],["$.confidence_note","withheld"],["$.free_tier.notes","process"],["$.free_tier.stated","partly-held"],["$.notes","partly-held"],["$.per_object_cap.notes","not-extracted"],["$.retention.notes","not-extracted"],["$.retention.stated","not-extracted"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"storage/google-chat-spaces-as-a-quota-exempt-attachment-store","card":{"rid":"storage/google-chat-spaces-as-a-quota-exempt-attachment-store","eid":"google","topic":"storage","slug":"google-chat-spaces-as-a-quota-exempt-attachment-store","provider":"Google Chat spaces as a quota-exempt attachment store (Chat API media.upload/media.download)","url":"https://developers.google.com/workspace/chat/api/reference/rest/v1/media/download","domain":"google.com","category":"messaging","tier":null,"verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","vorder":1,"grp":"usable","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"reported","binding":"per-object-cap","identity_kind":"institution","identity_basis":"inferred","needs_card":null,"needs_phone":null,"needs_id":null,"needs_institution":null,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"rest,rclone","egress_metered":1,"per_object_bytes":200000000,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","verified_basis":"inherited","checked_on":"2026-10-21","stale_on":"2026-11-05","n_evidence":4,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"Per-record unlimited: 200 MB per attachment, and Chat messages AND attachments explicitly do NOT count toward Google storage quota. 600 attachment uploads/mi...","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":8,"free_unit":"MB"},"record":{"topic":"storage","slug":"google-chat-spaces-as-a-quota-exempt-attachment-store","provider":"Google Chat spaces as a quota-exempt attachment store (Chat API media.upload/media.download)","url":"https://developers.google.com/workspace/chat/api/reference/rest/v1/media/download","category":"messaging","free_tier":{"stated":"Per-record unlimited: 200 MB per attachment, and Chat messages AND attachments explicitly do NOT count toward Google storage quota. 600 attachment uploads/min/project x 200 MB = ~120 GB/min theoretical ingest.","unit":"MB","metered_on":"stored-bytes","source_url":"https://knowledge.workspace.google.com/admin/storage/google-workspace-storage-faq-for-admins","read_on":"2026-10-21","notes":null},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"200 MB per file","bytes":200000000,"source_url":"https://knowledge.workspace.google.com/admin/storage/google-workspace-storage-faq-for-admins","notes":"not stated"},"retention":{"stated":"not stated","source_url":"https://knowledge.workspace.google.com/admin/storage/google-workspace-storage-faq-for-admins","notes":"not stated"},"egress":{"terms":"Not metered — downloaded through Chat API media.download (3,000 attachment reads/min/project), supports Range requests. No per-GB charge in the docs.","metered":true},"interface":["rest","rclone"],"interface_detail":"rest","tooling":"Official Chat API with service-account (app) auth; media.upload for write, GET /v1/media/{name}?alt=media for read with Range. No dedicated rclone backend exists — this is a build-it-yourself REST store; google-api-* client libs cover both directions.","chaining":"Unlimited messages x 200 MB per attachment. 20 attachments per interactive message on web, but the API path is per-media-upload, so the binding constraint is the 600 uploads/min/project rate, and projects are multiplicative (30-project default quota per user). Storage is free because Chat attachments are quota-exempt — this is the strongest multiplier in the Google stack.","limits":[{"kind":"per-object-cap","value":"200 MB per file","source":"https://knowledge.workspace.google.com/admin/storage/google-workspace-storage-faq-for-admins"}],"limits_note":"200 MB per file hard cap; some file types blocked; 600 media.upload/min/project and 3,000 media.download/min/project; requires a Google Workspace account + Cloud project + Chat API enabled (personal @gmail.com accounts are not a supported developer surface; Chat API auth doc requires Workspace). Chat API quotas are per-minute only — the docs state 'no limit to the number of requests you can make per day' if you stay under them.","identity_cost":{"kind":"institution","detail":null,"country":null},"reliability_note":"Messages/attachments live in a space — deleting or archiving the space, or removing the app from it, can orphan the data; no documented retention guarantee. Blocked MIME types must be avoided.","confidence":"reported","confidence_note":null,"evidence":[{"url":"https://knowledge.workspace.google.com/admin/storage/google-workspace-storage-faq-for-admins","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"under 'The following content doesn't count toward storage:' lists 'Google Chat messages and attachments'"},{"url":"https://developers.google.com/workspace/chat/upload-media-attachments","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"'You can upload file sizes up to 200 MB' + 'Some file types aren't supported'"},{"url":"https://developers.google.com/workspace/chat/limits","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"'Attachment writes per minute | media.upload | 600' and 'Attachment reads per minute | spaces.messages.attachments.get media.download | 3000' + 'there's no limit to the number of requests you can make per day'"},{"url":"https://developers.google.com/workspace/chat/api/reference/rest/v1/media/download","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"download supports Range partial downloads via /v1/media/{name}?alt=media"}],"verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","notes":"Per-record unlimited: 200 MB per attachment, and Chat messages AND attachments explicitly do NOT count toward Google storage quota. 600 attachment uploads/min/project x 200 MB = ~120 GB/min theoretical ingest.","extras":{},"binding":"per-object-cap","binding_note":null},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":200.0,"unit":"MB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[0].value","kind":"limit:per-object-cap","num":200.0,"unit":"MB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"}],"unknown":[["$.binding_note","boilerplate"],["$.confidence_note","withheld"],["$.free_tier.notes","process"],["$.identity_cost.detail","boilerplate"],["$.identity_cost.kind","identity-defaulted"],["$.per_object_cap.notes","not-extracted"],["$.retention.notes","not-extracted"],["$.retention.stated","not-extracted"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"storage/google-drive-shared-drives-written-by-service-accounts","card":{"rid":"storage/google-drive-shared-drives-written-by-service-accounts","eid":"google","topic":"storage","slug":"google-drive-shared-drives-written-by-service-accounts","provider":"Google Drive shared drives written by service accounts","url":"https://developers.google.com/workspace/drive/api/guides/about-shareddrives","domain":"google.com","category":"cloud-drive","tier":null,"verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","vorder":1,"grp":"usable","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"reported","binding":"per-ip-shaping","identity_kind":"institution","identity_basis":"inferred","needs_card":null,"needs_phone":null,"needs_id":null,"needs_institution":null,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"rest,rclone","egress_metered":0,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","verified_basis":"inherited","checked_on":"2026-10-21","stale_on":"2026-11-05","n_evidence":4,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"Service accounts now report storageQuota limit '0' — they cannot own files at all. Real quota comes from the parent tenant: Education/Nonprofit 100 TB pooled...","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":9,"free_unit":"objects"},"record":{"topic":"storage","slug":"google-drive-shared-drives-written-by-service-accounts","provider":"Google Drive shared drives written by service accounts","url":"https://developers.google.com/workspace/drive/api/guides/about-shareddrives","category":"cloud-drive","free_tier":{"stated":"Service accounts now report storageQuota limit '0' — they cannot own files at all. Real quota comes from the parent tenant: Education/Nonprofit 100 TB pooled, Business Standard 2 TB x users, Business Plus 5 TB x users. The '15 GB per SA x 100 SA x 30 projects = 45 TB' claim in the reference repo is DEAD.","unit":"objects","metered_on":"stored-bytes","source_url":"https://developers.google.com/workspace/drive/api/guides/about-shareddrives","read_on":"2026-10-21","notes":null},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"not stated","source_url":"https://developers.google.com/workspace/drive/api/guides/about-shareddrives","notes":"not stated"},"retention":{"stated":"not stated","source_url":"https://developers.google.com/workspace/drive/api/guides/about-shareddrives","notes":"not stated"},"egress":{"terms":"No per-GB egress charge for Drive file downloads; drive.usercontent.google.com serves direct bytes. New ceiling: Drive API 1 TB/day per project egress.","metered":false},"interface":["rest","rclone"],"interface_detail":"rest","tooling":"rclone drive backend with service_account_file + shared drive config (rclone docs still document the SA + shared-drive path and warn its shared client_id is being retired during 2026 — make your own). gclone (156 stars, archived), AutoRcloneV2, 88lex/sa-gen (71 stars, last push 2023-05) automate SA creation but not the new shared-drive target.","chaining":"The chain inverted. Old: unlimited free SAs x 15 GB each. New: SAs are free and unlimited but hold zero bytes, so they become pure WRITE THROUGHPUT/multiplexer against one tenant's pooled shared drive. 750 GB/day is per acting identity, and each SA is a distinct identity, so N SAs lifting into one shared drive gives N x 750 GB/day ingest; the 100 TB pool is the actual ceiling.","limits":[{"kind":"request-rate","value":"400,000,000 quota units/day","source":"https://developers.google.com/workspace/drive/api/guides/about-shareddrives"},{"kind":"per-ip-shaping","value":"750 GB/day","source":"https://developers.google.com/workspace/drive/api/guides/about-shareddrives"},{"kind":"per-ip-shaping","value":"1 TB/day","source":"https://developers.google.com/workspace/drive/api/guides/about-shareddrives"}],"limits_note":"SA quota limit = 0 (hard); shared drive 500,000 items / 100 nesting levels; 750 GB/day upload per user; 5 TB max file; Drive API 400,000,000 quota units/day/project before charges and a 1 TB/day egress cap; 1,000,000 units/min/project.","identity_cost":{"kind":"institution","detail":null,"country":null},"reliability_note":"The widely-copied 45 TB recipe now returns 403 storageQuotaExceeded on every upload; every SA-based rclone tutorial written before ~2024 is wrong unless it targets a shared drive. Also reported: a hard ~16 GB SA limit when uploading into a My Drive folder shared with the SA (2024 SO thread) — shared drives are the only working target.","confidence":"reported","confidence_note":null,"evidence":[{"url":"https://developers.google.com/workspace/drive/api/guides/about-shareddrives","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"'Service accounts don't have storage quota and can't own files. Instead, they must upload files and folders into shared drives, or use OAuth 2.0 to upload items on behalf of a human user.'"},{"url":"https://discuss.google.dev/t/error-403-storagequotaexceeded-when-the-service-accounts-drive-is-completely-empty/194265","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"live API response quoted: {'storageQuota': {'limit': '0', 'usage': '0', 'usageInDrive': '0'}}; Google staff reply confirms SAs 'don't have storage quota and can't own any files'"},{"url":"https://developers.google.com/workspace/drive/api/guides/limits","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"'Per day per project | 1 TB' egress; 750 GB/day upload; 'maximum file size that users can upload is 5 TB'; 'Per day per project | 400,000,000 quota units' billing threshold"},{"url":"https://www.googleapis.com/drive/v3/about","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"probe: GET -> 401 (unauthenticated; confirms no anonymous quota/metadata surface)"}],"verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","notes":"Service accounts now report storageQuota limit '0' — they cannot own files at all. Real quota comes from the parent tenant: Education/Nonprofit 100 TB pooled, Business Standard 2 TB x users, Business Plus 5 TB x users. The '15 GB per SA x 100 SA x 30 projects = 45 TB' claim in the reference repo is DEAD.","extras":{},"binding":"per-ip-shaping","binding_note":null},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":100.0,"unit":"TB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[0].value","kind":"limit:request-rate","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"},{"path":"$.limits[1].value","kind":"limit:per-ip-shaping","num":750.0,"unit":"GB","per":"day","currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[2].value","kind":"limit:per-ip-shaping","num":1.0,"unit":"TB","per":"day","currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"}],"unknown":[["$.binding_note","boilerplate"],["$.confidence_note","withheld"],["$.free_tier.notes","process"],["$.identity_cost.detail","boilerplate"],["$.identity_cost.kind","identity-defaulted"],["$.per_object_cap.notes","not-extracted"],["$.per_object_cap.stated","not-extracted"],["$.retention.notes","not-extracted"],["$.retention.stated","not-extracted"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"storage/google-for-startups-cloud-program","card":{"rid":"storage/google-for-startups-cloud-program","eid":"google","topic":"storage","slug":"google-for-startups-cloud-program","provider":"Google for Startups Cloud Program (Start / Scale tiers)","url":"https://cloud.google.com/startup","domain":"google.com","category":"iaas","tier":null,"verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","vorder":1,"grp":"usable","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"reported","binding":"per-object-cap","identity_kind":"institution","identity_basis":"inferred","needs_card":null,"needs_phone":null,"needs_id":null,"needs_institution":null,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"s3-compatible,rest,rclone","egress_metered":1,"per_object_bytes":5497558138880,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","verified_basis":"inherited","checked_on":"2026-10-21","stale_on":"2026-11-05","n_evidence":3,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"Scale and Scale AI tiers: '$200K - $350k in credits' for startups with verifiable Pre-Seed to Series A funding. Credits apply to 'most Google Cloud platform ...","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":9,"free_unit":"mixed"},"record":{"topic":"storage","slug":"google-for-startups-cloud-program","provider":"Google for Startups Cloud Program (Start / Scale tiers)","url":"https://cloud.google.com/startup","category":"iaas","free_tier":{"stated":"Scale and Scale AI tiers: '$200K - $350k in credits' for startups with verifiable Pre-Seed to Series A funding. Credits apply to 'most Google Cloud platform products ... used in a pay-as-you-go (PayG) or consumption billed format' — which includes Cloud Storage buckets.","unit":"mixed","metered_on":"stored-bytes","source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/startup","read_on":"2026-10-21","notes":null},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"per-object-cap: GCS single-object max 5 TiB","bytes":5497558138880,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/startup","notes":"not stated"},"retention":{"stated":"not stated","source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/startup","notes":"not stated"},"egress":{"terms":"GCP egress is metered and comes out of the same credit pool; free egress only to Cloudflare-class partners or via the always-free 200 GB/mo Cloud Storage egress allowance.","metered":true,"free_allowance":"200 GB per month"},"interface":["s3-compatible","rest","rclone"],"interface_detail":"s3","tooling":"rclone backend 'gcs' (Tier 1), gsutil, GCS XML/JSON API, GCS interop keys give an S3-compatible endpoint.","chaining":"Credits are per billing account and explicitly non-transferable ('Credits may only be used by the original applicant and cannot be shared, split, or resold'). The multiplier is re-application in later years — Google allows re-applying if credits went unused ('You may still be eligible for credits if you did not use your credits in a previous enrollment'). $200K at coldline-class rates is petabyte-scale for a year; the binding constraint becomes the 12-month expiry, not bytes.","limits":[{"kind":"per-object-cap","value":"per-object-cap: GCS single-object max 5 TiB","source":"https://cloud.google.com/startup"}],"limits_note":"per-object-cap: GCS single-object max 5 TiB — not binding. request-rate: per-project GCS quotas (raiseable). retention: credits are time-boxed (program is annual, 'Program qualifications change annually'). Excludes educational institutions, government, nonprofits, personal blogs/content, dev shops and consultancies — a startup wrapper is required.","identity_cost":{"kind":"institution","detail":null,"country":null},"reliability_note":"Requires a funded company, a matching domain email and a billing account owned by that domain; credits land in a specific billing account ID and cannot be moved afterwards. Year-over-year re-enrolment is not guaranteed.","confidence":"reported","confidence_note":null,"evidence":[{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/startup","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"'Our Funded program tiers (Scale, and Scale AI) range from $200K - $350k in credits'; exclusion list; 'Credits may only be used by the original applicant'"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/startup","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"'Can I re-apply if I participated in this program a few years ago but did not use my credits? You may still be eligible ... if you did not use your credits'"},{"url":null,"date":"2026-10-21","proved":"probe: GET cloud.google.com/startup -> 200 (numbers quoted live 2026-10-21)"}],"verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","notes":"Scale and Scale AI tiers: '$200K - $350k in credits' for startups with verifiable Pre-Seed to Series A funding. 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Publishing then needs a payment profile whose form asks for a business name, contact name, address and phone number, and all publishers must submit tax information. No card is charged at signup.","country":null},"reliability_note":"Payout requires tax/payment setup; publishing is write-gated by Google's review. Ingest is heavily normalised — this is not a byte-preserving store.","confidence":"reported","confidence_note":null,"evidence":[{"url":"https://support.google.com/books/partner/answer/3424254?hl=en","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"'Each file must be less than 2 GB. This limit includes cover image files'; audiobook 'Under 100 MB in size'"},{"url":"https://help.vellum.pub/uploading/","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"independent comparison table: Google Play 2048 MB, Apple Books 2048 MB, Amazon 650 MB, Kobo 100 MB, B&N 20 MB"},{"url":"https://support.google.com/books/partner/checklist/4489282?hl=en","date":"2026-11-01","proved":"publishing needs a payment profile, and its form asks for a phone number","capture":"sha256:62024fe674fea10e6fca42f8c154b93746cd03b7ce9bcf71dd3bfee9d7988ec2","quote":"You must have a payment profile in order to sell books on Google Play. ... Enter your business name, contact name, address, and phone number."},{"url":"https://support.google.com/books/partner/checklist/4489282?hl=en","date":"2026-11-01","proved":"the payment profile that publishing requires asks for a phone number","capture":"sha256:62024fe674fea10e6fca42f8c154b93746cd03b7ce9bcf71dd3bfee9d7988ec2","quote":"Enter your business name, contact name, address, and phone number."},{"url":"https://support.google.com/books/partner/answer/3424254?hl=en","date":"2026-11-01","proved":"the 2 GB file ceiling; the 100 MB bound is the supplemental PDF, and an audiobook is bounded by duration, not by file size","capture":"sha256:ebfdad9b15429b0bdfd4df043d46981788159d92ce2375c4235d9891cfe8fa7e","quote":"Each file must be less than 2 GB. This limit includes cover image files. ... Under 100 MB in size ... The audiobook must be a minimum of 5 minutes up to a maximum of 100 hours."},{"url":"https://support.google.com/books/partner/answer/3424254?hl=en","date":"2026-11-01","proved":"the 100 MB bound applies to the one supplemental PDF of an audiobook","capture":"sha256:ebfdad9b15429b0bdfd4df043d46981788159d92ce2375c4235d9891cfe8fa7e","quote":"One PDF file for each audiobook. Multi-file PDFs aren’t supported ... Under 100 MB in size"},{"url":"https://support.google.com/books/partner/answer/3424254?hl=en","date":"2026-11-01","proved":"the 2 GB per-file ceiling is unchanged on the book-file guidelines page","capture":"sha256:ebfdad9b15429b0bdfd4df043d46981788159d92ce2375c4235d9891cfe8fa7e","quote":"Each file must be less than 2 GB. This limit includes cover image files."}],"verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","verified_at":"2026-11-01T18:05:08.100Z","notes":"2 GB per content file, cover images included; the 100 MB bound on the page is the supplemental PDF, not an audio file; an audiobook is bounded by duration (5 minutes to 100 hours) and may be split into parts.","extras":{},"binding":"per-object-cap","binding_note":null},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":2.0,"unit":"GB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[0].value","kind":"limit:write-gated","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"},{"path":"$.limits[1].value","kind":"limit:per-object-cap","num":2.0,"unit":"GB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"}],"unknown":[["$.binding_note","boilerplate"],["$.confidence_note","withheld"],["$.free_tier.notes","process"],["$.interface","interface-unknown"],["$.per_object_cap.notes","not-extracted"],["$.retention.notes","not-extracted"],["$.retention.stated","not-extracted"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"storage/public-datasets-hosting-programme","card":{"rid":"storage/public-datasets-hosting-programme","eid":"google","topic":"storage","slug":"public-datasets-hosting-programme","provider":"Public Datasets hosting programme (Google Cloud)","url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/storage/docs/public-datasets","domain":"google.com","category":"iaas","tier":null,"verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","vorder":1,"grp":"usable","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"reported","binding":"write-gated","identity_kind":"card","identity_basis":"defaulted","needs_card":null,"needs_phone":null,"needs_id":null,"needs_institution":null,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"s3,rclone","egress_metered":0,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","verified_basis":"inherited","checked_on":"2026-10-21","stale_on":"2026-11-05","n_evidence":2,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"No published quota - Google 'pays for the hosting of these datasets'. Existing hosted sets (Sentinel-2, Landsat, ARCO-ERA5, NEXRAD) run to petabytes.","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":8,"free_unit":"unlimited"},"record":{"topic":"storage","slug":"public-datasets-hosting-programme","provider":"Public Datasets hosting programme (Google Cloud)","url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/storage/docs/public-datasets","category":"iaas","free_tier":{"stated":"No published quota - Google 'pays for the hosting of these datasets'. Existing hosted sets (Sentinel-2, Landsat, ARCO-ERA5, NEXRAD) run to petabytes.","unit":"unlimited","metered_on":"unstated","source_url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/storage/docs/public-datasets","read_on":"2026-10-21","notes":null},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"not stated","source_url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/storage/docs/public-datasets","notes":"not stated"},"retention":{"stated":"not stated","source_url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/storage/docs/public-datasets","notes":"not stated"},"egress":{"terms":"Free public access to hosted datasets; anonymous API links work without auth.","metered":false},"interface":["s3","rclone"],"interface_detail":"s3","tooling":"GCS API / gcloud storage / rclone 'gcs'.","chaining":"Not applicable - this is Google's own catalogue, not an open intake.","limits":[{"kind":"write-gated","value":"application form","source":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/storage/docs/public-datasets"}],"limits_note":"There is no application form. The only stated route is 'If you have any questions about listing your public dataset on Cloud Storage, please contact us at [address removed]'. Effectively invitation-only, and the catalogue has grown slowly relative to AWS's 300+ PB.","identity_cost":{"kind":"card","detail":"inferred from the category 'iaas'; the source record states no identity cost, so this is a class assumption, not evidence","country":null},"reliability_note":"No published process means no predictable outcome; do not plan around it.","confidence":"reported","confidence_note":null,"evidence":[{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/storage/docs/public-datasets","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"'Google pays for the hosting of these datasets'; the entire intake instruction is an email address"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/datasets","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"catalogue is Google-owned, commercial and government datasets only"}],"verdict":"qualifies-with-caveat","verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","notes":"No published quota - Google 'pays for the hosting of these datasets'. Existing hosted sets (Sentinel-2, Landsat, ARCO-ERA5, NEXRAD) run to petabytes.","extras":{},"binding":"write-gated","binding_note":null},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"},{"path":"$.limits[0].value","kind":"limit:write-gated","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"}],"unknown":[["$.binding_note","boilerplate"],["$.confidence_note","withheld"],["$.free_tier.notes","process"],["$.identity_cost.kind","identity-defaulted"],["$.per_object_cap.notes","not-extracted"],["$.per_object_cap.stated","not-extracted"],["$.retention.notes","not-extracted"],["$.retention.stated","not-extracted"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"compute/google-cloud-trial","card":{"rid":"compute/google-cloud-trial","eid":"google","topic":"compute","slug":"google-cloud-trial","provider":"Google Cloud Free Trial (USD 300)","url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","domain":"google.com","category":"cloud platform trial credit","tier":"free trial","verdict":"trial-only","vorder":2,"grp":"trial","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"documented","binding":"volume-quota","identity_kind":"card","identity_basis":"stated","needs_card":1,"needs_phone":1,"needs_id":0,"needs_institution":0,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"rest,cli","egress_metered":1,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":90,"verified_at":"2026-10-23T11:22:37.000Z","verified_basis":"live","checked_on":"2026-10-23","stale_on":"2026-11-23","n_evidence":1,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"Signing up for the Free Trial creates a Free Trial billing account that is preloaded with $300 in free Welcome credit which is valid for 90 days.","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":0,"free_unit":"mixed"},"record":{"topic":"compute","slug":"google-cloud-trial","provider":"Google Cloud Free Trial (USD 300)","url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","category":"cloud platform trial credit","tier":"free trial","free_tier":{"stated":"Signing up for the Free Trial creates a Free Trial billing account that is preloaded with $300 in free Welcome credit which is valid for 90 days.","unit":"mixed","metered_on":"none","source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","read_on":"2026-10-23"},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"not applicable: the offer is a spending balance, not a stored object"},"retention":{"stated":"the balance is deleted at day 90 or when it is spent, whichever comes first; the trial cannot be paused or extended","days":90,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features"},"egress":{"terms":"egress bills against the credit at list price; the separate always-free allowance is 1 GB a month from North America","metered":true,"free_allowance":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features"},"interface":["rest","cli"],"interface_detail":"the Google Cloud console, gcloud CLI and every product API","tooling":"gcloud, the client libraries, Terraform, and every tool that speaks a Google Cloud API","chaining":"this is the general-purpose credit behind a Google Cloud deployment; it pairs with the separate always-free e2-micro record, which has no end date","limits":[{"kind":"volume-quota","value":"USD 300 of credit over 90 days from signup","source":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features"},{"kind":"write-gated","value":"a trial billing account cannot request a quota increase, cannot add GPUs, and cannot use Marketplace images that carry a licence fee","source":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features"}],"limits_note":"the credit cannot pay for the Gemini API in AI Studio, for a generative AI partner model sold as a managed API, for Windows Server images, or for Marketplace fees","identity_cost":{"kind":"card","detail":"a credit card or other payment method is required at signup, with a temporary authorisation hold of USD 0.00 to USD 1.00; 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The trial is the largest single balance Google publishes to an individual, and the exclusions decide what it is worth: no GPU on a trial billing account, and no Gemini API spend. A workload that plans to train on a GPU cannot use this credit for it.","extras":{"free_tier_kind":"one-time-credit","credit_usd":300,"credit_days":90,"recurring":false,"reachable_by":"consumer email plus a card","excluded_products":"Gemini API in AI Studio, partner managed models, GPUs on a trial account, Windows Server, Marketplace","hourly_usd":{"e2_standard_4":0.13402284,"e2_standard_2_derived":0.06701142},"rate_basis":"e2-standard-4 read from the Google Cloud VM instance pricing page on 2026-10-23; e2-standard-2 is half of it and is derived, not read"},"binding":"volume-quota","binding_note":"the 90-day clock ends the balance before any usage ceiling is reached"},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"},{"path":"$.limits[0].value","kind":"limit:volume-quota","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"},{"path":"$.limits[1].value","kind":"limit:write-gated","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"}],"unknown":[],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"compute/gcp-compute-gpu","card":{"rid":"compute/gcp-compute-gpu","eid":"google","topic":"compute","slug":"gcp-compute-gpu","provider":"Google Compute Engine GPU VMs","url":"https://cloud.google.com/products/compute/pricing/accelerator-optimized","domain":"google.com","category":"GPU cloud","tier":null,"verdict":"paid-only","vorder":3,"grp":"paid","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"documented","binding":"write-gated","identity_kind":"card","identity_basis":"stated","needs_card":1,"needs_phone":0,"needs_id":0,"needs_institution":0,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":null,"egress_metered":null,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-11-03T01:29:47.009Z","verified_basis":"live","checked_on":"2026-11-03","stale_on":"2026-12-04","n_evidence":12,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"not stated on https://cloud.google.com/products/compute/pricing/accelerator-optimized (read 2026-10-30): the page is a price sheet that bills every GPU machi...","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":14,"free_unit":"none"},"record":{"topic":"compute","slug":"gcp-compute-gpu","provider":"Google Compute Engine GPU VMs","url":"https://cloud.google.com/products/compute/pricing/accelerator-optimized","category":"GPU cloud","free_tier":{"stated":"not stated on https://cloud.google.com/products/compute/pricing/accelerator-optimized (read 2026-10-30): the page is a price sheet that bills every GPU machine type by the hour, for example a2-ultragpu-1g (one A100) at USD 5.06879789 an hour on demand, and prints no free allowance","unit":"none","metered_on":"wall-clock","source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/products/compute/pricing/accelerator-optimized","read_on":"2026-10-30","notes":"The Free Tier document says 'GPUs and TPUs are not included in the Free Tier offer.', and a non-billable Free Trial account cannot add GPUs to VM instances, so the USD 300 Welcome credit does not reach a GPU before the account is upgraded. After the upgrade to a Paid billing account the same document says GPUs are unlocked and the remaining credit stays usable on products and services covered by the Free Trial for the original 90 days from sign-up; its list of what the credit cannot pay for names Gemini API in AI Studio and managed-API partner models, not GPUs, and a Google Cloud Support reply states the credit is applied to GPU usage after the upgrade, so the credit pays for GPU time (inferred from that exclusion list and the support reply; no page prices a GPU against the credit)."},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"not stated","bytes":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/products/compute/pricing/accelerator-optimized","notes":null},"retention":{"stated":"not stated","days":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/products/compute/pricing/accelerator-optimized","notes":"not stated"},"egress":{"terms":"not stated","metered":false,"free_allowance":null,"price_per_tb":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/products/compute/pricing/accelerator-optimized"},"interface":["unknown"],"interface_detail":null,"tooling":"not stated","chaining":"not stated","limits":[{"kind":"request-rate","value":"one A100 (a2-ultragpu-1g) at USD 5.06879789 an hour on demand; eight-GPU H100 nodes at USD 88.490000119 an hour (a3-highgpu-8g) and USD 93.400712807 an hour (a3-megagpu-8g) on demand","source":"https://cloud.google.com/products/compute/pricing/accelerator-optimized"},{"kind":"write-gated","value":"no free-tier allowance applies to any GPU or TPU; billing starts with the first second","source":"https://cloud.google.com/products/compute/pricing/accelerator-optimized"}],"limits_note":null,"identity_cost":{"kind":"card","detail":"Free Trial signup requires a credit card or other payment method, and the upgrade to a Paid billing account that GPU and Windows Server VMs need is made on that billing account","country":null},"reliability_note":"no reliability event recorded","confidence":"documented","confidence_note":"both the accelerator-optimized rate card and the free-features document were read on 2026-10-22. 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You are always charged for GPUs and TPUs that you add to VM instances' (free-features document), against the accelerator-optimized rate card read the same day: a2-ultragpu-1g at $5.06879789 an hour on demand"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/products/compute/pricing/accelerator-optimized","date":"2026-10-30","proved":"the accelerator-optimized price sheet bills a one-A100 a2-ultragpu-1g at USD 5.06879789 an hour on demand; the page prints no free allowance","capture":"sha256:4f4ad665a2c1ce22a5577e69e46285b550869601c3404da032c3aecd569c6f7c","quote":"a2-ultragpu-1g | Nvidia A100 | GPUs: 1 vCPUs: 12 Memory: 170GB SSD: 275 GiB | $5.06879789 / 1 hour"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-10-30","proved":"the Google Cloud Free Tier excludes GPUs","capture":"sha256:885a38c2b738a7e9ac34bffbae919db1163c80786856ff5f689da3a3bfe0b095","quote":"GPUs and TPUs are not included in the Free Tier offer."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-10-30","proved":"while the billing account is a non-billable Free Trial account, GPUs cannot be added to VM instances","capture":"sha256:885a38c2b738a7e9ac34bffbae919db1163c80786856ff5f689da3a3bfe0b095","quote":"Add GPUs to your VM instances."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/products/compute/pricing/accelerator-optimized","date":"2026-10-30","proved":"an eight-H100 a3-highgpu-8g is billed USD 88.490000119 an hour on demand, below the a3-megagpu-8g at USD 93.400712807","capture":"sha256:4f4ad665a2c1ce22a5577e69e46285b550869601c3404da032c3aecd569c6f7c","quote":"a3-highgpu-8g | Nvidia H100 | GPUs: 8 vCPUs: 208 Memory: 1,871GB SSD: 6,000 GiB | $88.490000119 / 1 hour"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"after the upgrade to a Paid billing account the remaining credit stays usable on products and services covered by the Free Trial, within 90 days of sign-up","capture":"sha256:1b2c72166c369756ff5dff598a4a1f009ccc902f90e5efcd6100de6e0ab17c85","quote":"Your remaining credit is available for use on [products and services covered by the Free Trial](https://docs.cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features#during-free-trial), but they must be consumed within the original 90 days period from your sign-up date."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"the credit has its own exclusion list, which names Gemini API in AI Studio and managed-API partner models, and neither GPUs nor Windows Server images","capture":"sha256:1b2c72166c369756ff5dff598a4a1f009ccc902f90e5efcd6100de6e0ab17c85","quote":"The $300 credit can't be used for the following"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/terms/free-trial","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"the Free Trial terms let an upgraded customer keep using unused credit for the Services, expiring 3 months after the Free Trial start","capture":"sha256:ab6f9b98d83853d5785226dfcfcdd13082241c566fbe4159c171f03bc86a21b2","quote":"Customer may continue to use the credits for the Services (subject to the limitations described at the Free Trial Description Page). 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The Funded program tiers, Scale and Scale AI, range from USD 200K to USD 350k in credits and require verifiable Pre-Seed to Series A funding.","unit":"none","metered_on":"wall-clock","source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/startup","read_on":"2026-10-22","notes":"one-shot-credit"},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"not applicable","bytes":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/startup","notes":null},"retention":{"stated":"not applicable","days":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/startup","notes":null},"egress":{"terms":"not stated","metered":false,"free_allowance":null,"price_per_tb":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/startup"},"interface":["unknown"],"interface_detail":"inferred from the tooling the provider documents; not probed","tooling":"not stated","chaining":"The Start tier at USD 2,000 is the only slice a pre-funding founder could plausibly reach, and it needs a live MVP site. The USD 350,000 figure is locked behind an investor relationship that also constitutes the funding.","limits":[{"kind":"write-gated","value":"The domain-matched business email plus a verifiable funding round fail first, and Google states it screens for AI-generated site content, so a thin one-person site is rejected at review.","source":"https://cloud.google.com/startup"}],"limits_note":"The domain-matched business email plus a verifiable funding round fail first, and Google states it screens for AI-generated site content, so a thin one-person site is rejected at review.","binding":"write-gated","binding_note":"The domain-matched business email plus a verifiable funding round fail first, and Google states it screens for AI-generated site content, so a thin one-person site is rejected at review.","identity_cost":{"kind":"institution","detail":"The application requires a business email matching the startup public website domain, a billing account administered by a user on that domain, and an active website describing company, team and product. Scale tier funding must come from a known investor; non-venture funding such as grants, loans or friends and family does not qualify.","country":null},"reliability_note":"no reliability event recorded","confidence":"documented","evidence":[{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/startup","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"Start tier is USD 2k and the Funded tiers range from USD 200K to USD 350k, with Pre-Seed to Series A verifiable funding, quoted"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/startup","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"the site is screened and applications may be rejected for a high volume of AI generated text, image or other content, quoted"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/startup","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"non-venture funding such as private equity, bank loans, government innovation programs, grants, crowdfunding or friends and family do not qualify for the Scale tier, quoted"}],"verdict":"fails-identity","verified_at":"2026-10-22T00:00:00.000Z","notes":"storage/google-for-startups-cloud-program records the USD 200K to 350k tiers as qualifies-with-caveat and derives identity_cost from prose. The live page shows the door is the funding round and the domain email, so the verdict here is fails-identity. This finding supersedes that record's verdict, not its numbers.","extras":{"facets":{"class":"startup-credit","free_tier_kind":"one-shot-credit","shape":null}}},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"},{"path":"$.limits[0].value","kind":"limit:write-gated","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"}],"unknown":[["$.egress.metered","egress-unknown"],["$.egress.terms","not-stated"],["$.interface","interface-unknown"],["$.per_object_cap.notes","process"],["$.per_object_cap.stated","not-applicable"],["$.reliability_note","none-observed"],["$.retention.notes","process"],["$.retention.stated","not-applicable"],["$.tooling","not-stated"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"compute/google-cloud-research","card":{"rid":"compute/google-cloud-research","eid":"google","topic":"compute","slug":"google-cloud-research","provider":"Google Cloud research","url":"https://edu.google.com/programs/credits/research/","domain":"google.com","category":"GPU cloud","tier":null,"verdict":"fails-identity","vorder":4,"grp":"rejected","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"documented","binding":"write-gated","identity_kind":"institution","identity_basis":"stated","needs_card":0,"needs_phone":0,"needs_id":0,"needs_institution":1,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"rest","egress_metered":null,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-10-22T00:00:00.000Z","verified_basis":"live","checked_on":"2026-10-22","stale_on":"2026-11-22","n_evidence":4,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"'PhD students conducting research may apply for $1000 in GCP Credit per year' and 'Faculty and Postdoctoral researchers are eligible for one award of up to $...","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":9,"free_unit":"none"},"record":{"topic":"compute","slug":"google-cloud-research","provider":"Google Cloud research","url":"https://edu.google.com/programs/credits/research/","category":"GPU cloud","free_tier":{"stated":"'PhD students conducting research may apply for $1000 in GCP Credit per year' and 'Faculty and Postdoctoral researchers are eligible for one award of up to $5,000 USD'. The application form requires 'Organization Name *' chosen by 'Begin typing and select institution from the provided list', a 'Link to your profile in your institution's faculty or researcher directory', a 'Google Cloud Billing Account ID', a 250-word proposal, and a pricing-calculator estimate. Review is '6-8 weeks'.","unit":"none","metered_on":"wall-clock","source_url":"https://edu.google.com/programs/credits/research/","read_on":"2026-10-22","notes":"recurring-credit"},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"not applicable","bytes":null,"source_url":"https://edu.google.com/programs/credits/research/","notes":null},"retention":{"stated":"not applicable","days":null,"source_url":"https://edu.google.com/programs/credits/research/","notes":null},"egress":{"terms":"not stated","metered":false,"free_allowance":null,"price_per_tb":null,"source_url":"https://edu.google.com/programs/credits/research/"},"interface":["rest"],"interface_detail":"inferred from the tooling the provider documents; not probed","tooling":"not stated","chaining":"Only for a student: the PhD line is USD 1,000 a year and renews, which buys roughly 800 TPU v5e chip-hours at USD 1.20, so it funds TRC's host VM and GCS bucket rather than the accelerator. The faculty line is one award per person, ever, so it does not renew.","limits":[{"kind":"write-gated","value":"the organisation field is a closed picker over an accredited-institution list plus a faculty-directory URL, so an unaffiliated applicant cannot fill the form at all.","source":"https://edu.google.com/programs/credits/research/"}],"limits_note":"the organisation field is a closed picker over an accredited-institution list plus a faculty-directory URL, so an unaffiliated applicant cannot fill the form at all.","binding":"write-gated","binding_note":"the organisation field is a closed picker over an accredited-institution list plus a faculty-directory URL, so an unaffiliated applicant cannot fill the form at all.","identity_cost":{"kind":"institution","detail":null,"country":null},"reliability_note":"no reliability event recorded","confidence":"documented","evidence":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260317102442id_/https://support.google.com/google-cloud-higher-ed/answer/10724468?hl=en","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"Wayback capture 2026-03-17 of the vendor help page: 'PhD students conducting research may apply for $1000 in GCP Credit per year', 'Faculty and Postdoctoral researchers are eligible for one award of up to $5,000 USD', 'Students on a Masters degree program are not eligible', 'we review and make decisions on applications within 6-8 weeks', 'Only one person per research proposal may apply', quoted"},{"url":"https://edu.google.com/programs/credits/research/","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"the live form's required fields: 'Organization Name *' with 'Begin typing and select institution from the provided list', 'Link to your profile in your institution's faculty or researcher directory', 'Google Cloud Billing Account ID *', 'The program is currently only available in the countries listed'; page 200"},{"url":"https://support.google.com/google-cloud-higher-ed/answer/10724468?hl=en","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"the live help page returned a bot challenge (429 through six providers), so the quoted terms come from the 2026-03-17 capture rather than the live page"},{"url":"https://www.reddit.com/r/googlecloud/comments/1rrllgu/new_free_trial_rules","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"quoted OP: 'you are no longer allowed to use free trial credits on Google Studio API anymore'; a reply suggests the change targets accounts created for free AI access"}],"verdict":"fails-identity","verified_at":"2026-10-22T00:00:00.000Z","notes":"Distinct from the TRC record and worth keeping separate, because the two Google programs have opposite doors: TRC takes a free-text affiliation, this one takes a picker over accredited institutions. The referring loophole is the only path an outsider might use, and it requires two university applicants who name you, so it is a finding about the door rather than a route. The compute-side reading is fails-identity, because the gate is the form field rather than the amount.","extras":{"facets":{"class":"research-credit","free_tier_kind":"recurring-credit","shape":{"vcpu":null,"ram_gib":null,"gpu_class":null,"gpu_count":null}}}},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"},{"path":"$.limits[0].value","kind":"limit:write-gated","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"}],"unknown":[["$.egress.metered","egress-unknown"],["$.egress.terms","not-stated"],["$.identity_cost.detail","process"],["$.per_object_cap.notes","process"],["$.per_object_cap.stated","not-applicable"],["$.reliability_note","none-observed"],["$.retention.notes","process"],["$.retention.stated","not-applicable"],["$.tooling","not-stated"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"egress/google-cloud-free-tier","card":{"rid":"egress/google-cloud-free-tier","eid":"google","topic":"egress","slug":"google-cloud-free-tier","provider":"Google Cloud Free Tier (e2-micro)","url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","domain":"google.com","category":"origin VM (free tier)","tier":"free","verdict":"fails-egress","vorder":5,"grp":"rejected","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"documented","binding":"volume-quota","identity_kind":"card","identity_basis":"stated","needs_card":1,"needs_phone":0,"needs_id":0,"needs_institution":0,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"ssh","egress_metered":1,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","verified_basis":"live","checked_on":"2026-10-23","stale_on":"2026-11-23","n_evidence":4,"usd_month":3.65,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"1 non-preemptible e2-micro VM instance per month in one of the following US regions: Oregon: us-west1. Iowa: us-central1. South Carolina: us-east1. 30 GB-mon...","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":2,"free_unit":"GB"},"record":{"topic":"egress","slug":"google-cloud-free-tier","provider":"Google Cloud Free Tier (e2-micro)","url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","category":"origin VM (free tier)","tier":"free","free_tier":{"stated":"1 non-preemptible e2-micro VM instance per month in one of the following US regions: Oregon: us-west1. Iowa: us-central1. South Carolina: us-east1. 30 GB-months standard persistent disk. 1 GB of outbound data transfer from North America to all region destinations (excluding China and Australia) per month.","unit":"GB","metered_on":"downloaded-bytes","source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","read_on":"2026-10-23","notes":""},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"not applicable","bytes":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","notes":""},"retention":{"stated":"not applicable","days":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","notes":""},"egress":{"terms":"1 GB of outbound data transfer from North America to all region destinations (excluding China and Australia) per month; ingress: udp","metered":true,"free_allowance":"1 GB of outbound data transfer from North America to all region destinations (excluding China and Australia) per month","price_per_tb":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features"},"interface":["ssh"],"interface_detail":"SSH to the instance's external IP, with a firewall rule for any further port","tooling":"wg-quick, nothing vendor-specific","chaining":"1 GB a month cannot carry bulk traffic; it composes as a control plane or a stable WireGuard endpoint that hands off to Oracle, not as an origin","limits":[{"kind":"volume-quota","value":"1 GB a month of outbound transfer from North America, excluding China and Australia","source":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features"}],"limits_note":"","binding":"volume-quota","binding_note":"1 GB a month is 33.3 MB a day, 0.09% of 1 TiB a month, so a run at a 1 TiB/month pace exhausts the allowance in about 39 minutes, which makes the byte allowance the first wall by three orders of magnitude; the second wall is the address: 'Static and ephemeral IP addresses in use on standard VM instances - USD 0.005 / 1 hour', which the Free Tier usage table does not list among the free amounts, so the free instance carries a public IPv4 bill of about USD 3.65 a month","identity_cost":{"kind":"card","detail":"'A Google Cloud billing account is required to access the Google Cloud Free Tier'; the account is created through the Free Trial, which preloads USD 300 of credit for 90 days and takes a payment method","country":"None"},"reliability_note":"no idle reclamation was found; the Free Tier has no end date, so the ceiling is the 1 GB allowance rather than the offer expiring","confidence":"documented","confidence_note":"both figures are on Google's own pages read","evidence":[{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-10-23","proved":"Compute Engine Free Tier reads '1 GB of outbound data transfer from North America to all region destinations (excluding China and Australia) per month' and names the three US regions for the e2-micro"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/vpc/pricing","date":"2026-10-23","proved":"'Static and ephemeral IP addresses in use on standard VM instances - USD 0.005 / 1 hour', and the same page's internet egress table, so the public address is billed separately from the free instance"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/firewall/docs/firewalls","date":"2026-10-23","proved":"a firewall rule carries an IP protocol and a UDP destination port, and the default rules use udp:0-65535, so UDP ingress including 51820 is allowed by rule and not blocked by the platform"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-10-23","proved":"'The Free Tier has no end date, but Google reserves the right to change the offering, including changing or eliminating usage limits, with 30 days advance notice.'"}],"verdict":"fails-egress","verified_at":"2026-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","price_per_tb_month":"USD 0 for the instance; about USD 3.65 a month for the external IPv4 at USD 0.005 an hour","notes":"The 1 GB figure is stated on the Free Tier page, not inferred, and it is the Compute Engine line rather than the Cloud Storage or Cloud Run line, which are also 1 GB and 100 GB respectively. No reclamation rule for an idle e2-micro appears on the page: unlike Oracle's Always Free, the instance is not taken back for being idle. The address charge is an inference from two documented facts, the USD 0.005 an hour line and the absence of an address line in the Free Tier table.","extras":{"wg_path":"native-conf","wg_detail":"an e2-micro is an ordinary Linux VM; VPC firewall rules accept a UDP protocol and a destination port ('IP Protocol' plus 'Destination port ... For TCP or UDP, you can specify all destination ports, or optionally specify a single destination port number'), and the default-allow-internal row in the same document shows udp:0-65535, so udp:51820 is one rule away and wg-quick runs natively","ingress":"udp","volume_tib_month":0.00091,"volume_stated":"1 GB of outbound data transfer from North America to all region destinations (excluding China and Australia) per month","bytes_transit":"yes","transit_note":"bytes leave through the VM's external address on Google's network and count against the 1 GB monthly allowance"}},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":30.0,"unit":"GB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[0].value","kind":"limit:volume-quota","num":1.0,"unit":"GB","per":"month","currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.price_per_tb_month","kind":"price","num":3.65,"unit":null,"per":"month","currency":"USD","usd":3.65,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"}],"unknown":[["$.per_object_cap.stated","not-applicable"],["$.retention.stated","not-applicable"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"egress/google-cloud-run","card":{"rid":"egress/google-cloud-run","eid":"google","topic":"egress","slug":"google-cloud-run","provider":"Google Cloud Run","url":"https://cloud.google.com/run/pricing","domain":"google.com","category":"paas l4 port","tier":"free","verdict":"fails-egress","vorder":5,"grp":"rejected","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"inferred","binding":"volume-quota","identity_kind":"card","identity_basis":"stated","needs_card":1,"needs_phone":0,"needs_id":0,"needs_institution":0,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"rest,cli","egress_metered":1,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","verified_basis":"live","checked_on":"2026-10-23","stale_on":"2026-11-23","n_evidence":4,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"CPU - First 180,000 vCPU-seconds free per month ... RAM - First 360,000 GiB-seconds free per month ... Requests - 2 million requests free per month.","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":2,"free_unit":"mixed"},"record":{"topic":"egress","slug":"google-cloud-run","provider":"Google Cloud Run","url":"https://cloud.google.com/run/pricing","category":"paas l4 port","tier":"free","free_tier":{"stated":"CPU - First 180,000 vCPU-seconds free per month ... RAM - First 360,000 GiB-seconds free per month ... Requests - 2 million requests free per month.","unit":"mixed","metered_on":"request-count","source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/run/pricing","read_on":"2026-10-23","notes":""},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"not applicable","bytes":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/run/pricing","notes":""},"retention":{"stated":"not applicable","days":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/run/pricing","notes":""},"egress":{"terms":"Outbound internet data transfer is charged at Google Cloud networking rates \"with a free tier of 1GiB free data transfer within North America per month\".; ingress: http-only","metered":true,"free_allowance":"Outbound internet data transfer is charged at Google Cloud networking rates \"with a free tier of 1GiB free data transfer within North America per month\".","price_per_tb":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/run/pricing"},"interface":["rest","cli"],"interface_detail":"gcloud CLI, REST API, and console.","tooling":"gcloud, Dockerfile, or source deploy.","chaining":"Cloud Run can host an HTTP API; a WireGuard endpoint needs a VM, not a service.","limits":[{"kind":"volume-quota","value":"1 GiB/month free data transfer within North America","source":"https://cloud.google.com/run/pricing"},{"kind":"request-rate","value":"2 million requests per month free","source":"https://cloud.google.com/run/pricing"}],"limits_note":"","binding":"volume-quota","binding_note":"1 GiB/month free transfer is 0.001 TiB; egress past it is billed at Premium tier rates. The transport fails before that.","identity_cost":{"kind":"card","detail":"A Google Cloud billing account with a payment method; the free tier is a billing discount, not an account without a card.","country":"None"},"reliability_note":"Request timeout caps a stream; WebSockets must reconnect. Scale to zero adds cold starts.","confidence":"inferred","confidence_note":"Cloud Run publishes no page that says \"UDP is not supported\"; the conclusion follows from the container contract requiring an HTTP listener on one port, and from Google's own developer forum answer that it will not work with UDP. A first-party negative statement would raise this to documented.","evidence":[{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/run/pricing","date":"2026-10-23","proved":"Free tier: 180,000 vCPU-s, 360,000 GiB-s, 2M requests; 1 GiB free data transfer within North America"},{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/run/docs/container-contract","date":"2026-10-23","proved":"\"The ingress container within an instance must listen for requests on 0.0.0.0 on the port to which requests are sent.\""},{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/run/docs/triggering/websockets","date":"2026-10-23","proved":"\"WebSockets streams are HTTP requests\" subject to the request timeout"},{"url":"https://stackoverflow.com/questions/56525366/how-to-deploy-an-udp-server-google-cloud-run","date":"2026-10-23","proved":"third party: the container contract requires an HTTP server, so UDP will not work"}],"verdict":"fails-egress","verified_at":"2026-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","price_per_tb_month":"USD 0","notes":"Cloud Run also requires a card, so it fails identity for a no-card client even before the transport does. Included here because it is the most common answer to \"where do I run this\".","extras":{"wg_path":"none","wg_detail":"No raw port. \"The ingress container within an instance must listen for requests on 0.0.0.0 on the port to which requests are sent\"; requests are HTTP, and WebSocket streams \"are HTTP requests\".","ingress":"http-only","volume_tib_month":0.000977,"volume_stated":"Outbound internet data transfer is charged at Google Cloud networking rates \"with a free tier of 1GiB free data transfer within North America per month\".","bytes_transit":"no","transit_note":"Google's front end terminates HTTP and forwards requests."}},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":360000.0,"unit":"GiB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[0].value","kind":"limit:volume-quota","num":1.0,"unit":"GiB","per":"month","currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[1].value","kind":"limit:request-rate","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"},{"path":"$.price_per_tb_month","kind":"price","num":0.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":"USD","usd":0.0,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"}],"unknown":[["$.per_object_cap.stated","not-applicable"],["$.retention.stated","not-applicable"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"storage/firebase-realtime-database","card":{"rid":"storage/firebase-realtime-database","eid":"google","topic":"storage","slug":"firebase-realtime-database","provider":"Firebase Realtime Database","url":"https://firebase.google.com/products/realtime-database","domain":"google.com","category":"paas","tier":null,"verdict":"fails-egress","vorder":5,"grp":"rejected","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"reported","binding":"per-ip-shaping","identity_kind":"email","identity_basis":"defaulted","needs_card":null,"needs_phone":null,"needs_id":null,"needs_institution":null,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"rest,cli","egress_metered":1,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","verified_basis":"inherited","checked_on":"2026-10-21","stale_on":"2026-11-05","n_evidence":2,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"1 GB stored on the Spark (no-cost) plan; 10 GB/month downloaded (~360 MB/day)","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":10,"free_unit":"GB"},"record":{"topic":"storage","slug":"firebase-realtime-database","provider":"Firebase Realtime Database","url":"https://firebase.google.com/products/realtime-database","category":"paas","free_tier":{"stated":"1 GB stored on the Spark (no-cost) plan; 10 GB/month downloaded (~360 MB/day)","unit":"GB","metered_on":"stored-bytes","source_url":"https://firebase.google.com/pricing","read_on":"2026-10-21","notes":null},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"not stated","source_url":"https://firebase.google.com/pricing","notes":"not stated"},"retention":{"stated":"not stated","source_url":"https://firebase.google.com/pricing","notes":"not stated"},"egress":{"terms":"Metered on Blaze at $1/GB, with 'No-cost up to 360 MB/day (equivalent to ~10 GB/month)' on Spark. 360 MB/day vs 500 GB/day = 1,400x short.","metered":true,"free_allowance":"10 GB per month"},"interface":["rest","cli"],"interface_detail":"rest","tooling":"Firebase SDKs, REST API (`PUT/PATCH/GET .json`), Admin SDK, `firebase-tools` CLI; data is a JSON tree","chaining":"1 GB per database instance; multiple instances are possible via sharding, but the Spark plan limits you to a small number of instances and each shares the project's 10 GB/month download. 500 GB would need 500 projects.","limits":[{"kind":"per-ip-shaping","value":"100 simultaneous connections","source":"https://firebase.google.com/pricing"}],"limits_note":"1 GB stored; 10 MB max string (so ~7.5 MB of binary as base64); 256 MB max response per read; 32 levels max depth; 768 byte key length; 1,000 writes/sec per DB; 100 simultaneous connections on Spark; 10 GB/month download","identity_cost":{"kind":"email","detail":null,"country":null},"reliability_note":"Durable and simple, but base64 in JSON costs +33% and the 10 MB per-string cap means chunking into ~7.5 MB pieces. The 100-connection Spark limit and 360 MB/day download cap both bind hard.","confidence":"reported","confidence_note":null,"evidence":[{"url":"https://firebase.google.com/pricing","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"'Realtime Database | GB stored 1 GB (no-cost)'; 'GB downloaded 10 GB/month (no-cost)'; 'No-cost up to 360 MB/day (equivalent to ~10 GB/month) Then $1/GB'"},{"url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/usage/limits","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"'Maximum size of a string | 10 MB'; 'Size of a single response served by the database | 256 MB'; 'Maximum depth of child nodes | 32'; 'Write rate | 1,000 writes/second'; 'The Spark plan limit on simultaneous connections is 100'"}],"verdict":"fails-egress","verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","notes":"1 GB stored on the Spark (no-cost) plan; 10 GB/month downloaded (~360 MB/day)","extras":{"dead_end":{"failure_class":"quota","why":"1 GB stored on the Spark (no-cost) plan; 10 GB/month downloaded (~360 MB/day)","retry_when":null,"first_recorded":"2026-10-21"}},"binding":"per-ip-shaping","binding_note":null},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":1.0,"unit":"GB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[0].value","kind":"limit:per-ip-shaping","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"}],"unknown":[["$.binding_note","boilerplate"],["$.confidence_note","withheld"],["$.extras.dead_end.retry_when","process"],["$.free_tier.notes","process"],["$.identity_cost.detail","defaulted"],["$.identity_cost.kind","identity-defaulted"],["$.per_object_cap.notes","not-extracted"],["$.per_object_cap.stated","not-extracted"],["$.retention.notes","not-extracted"],["$.retention.stated","not-extracted"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"storage/firebase-storage","card":{"rid":"storage/firebase-storage","eid":"google","topic":"storage","slug":"firebase-storage","provider":"Firebase Storage (Cloud Storage for Firebase)","url":"https://firebase.google.com/products/storage","domain":"google.com","category":"paas","tier":null,"verdict":"fails-egress","vorder":5,"grp":"rejected","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"reported","binding":"per-ip-shaping","identity_kind":"email","identity_basis":"defaulted","needs_card":null,"needs_phone":null,"needs_id":null,"needs_institution":null,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"rest,rclone","egress_metered":1,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","verified_basis":"inherited","checked_on":"2026-10-21","stale_on":"2026-11-05","n_evidence":2,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"5 GB stored on Spark (no-cost) plan; 1 GB downloaded per day; 50k download ops/day","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":10,"free_unit":"GB"},"record":{"topic":"storage","slug":"firebase-storage","provider":"Firebase Storage (Cloud Storage for Firebase)","url":"https://firebase.google.com/products/storage","category":"paas","free_tier":{"stated":"5 GB stored on Spark (no-cost) plan; 1 GB downloaded per day; 50k download ops/day","unit":"GB","metered_on":"stored-bytes","source_url":"https://firebase.google.com/pricing","read_on":"2026-10-21","notes":null},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"not stated","source_url":"https://firebase.google.com/pricing","notes":"not stated"},"retention":{"stated":"not stated","source_url":"https://firebase.google.com/pricing","notes":"not stated"},"egress":{"terms":"1 GB/day download (~30 GB/month) free, then $0.12/GB; outbound networking 5 GB/month. The 1 GB/DAY download cap is the binding constraint, not the 5 GB stored.","metered":true,"free_allowance":"30 GB per month"},"interface":["rest","rclone"],"interface_detail":"rest","tooling":"Firebase SDKs (web/Android/iOS), Admin SDK, gsutil/gcloud storage against the underlying GCS bucket, `firebase storage:upload`; rclone can hit the bucket with GCS (not rclone's 'firebase' — that is the Realtime DB). Public download URLs via `getDownloadURL` / Firebase download tokens.","chaining":"5 GB per PROJECT. Projects per Google account on Spark are limited to 'a small number of projects (usually around 5-10)' — so ~25-50 GB/account, not a big multiplier. Multiple Google accounts is the only axis. Deleting a project takes 30 days and still counts against quota, which badly hurts churn-and-burn cycling.","limits":[{"kind":"per-ip-shaping","value":"1 GB/day","source":"https://firebase.google.com/pricing"}],"limits_note":"1 GB/day egress (~30 GB/mo) is the practical ceiling — a 5 GB store is refetchable only 6x/month. Download-op cap 50k/day. Spark also caps Cloud Storage at 5 GB-months and 100 GB/month downloaded for the default bucket variant. No billing = hard stop, not overage.","identity_cost":{"kind":"email","detail":null,"country":null},"reliability_note":"Hard daily reset at midnight; exceeding it fails requests until reset. Project deletion is 30 days and blocked from quota reuse, so account cycling is slow.","confidence":"reported","confidence_note":null,"evidence":[{"url":"https://firebase.google.com/pricing","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"'GB stored | No-cost up to 5 GB | Then $0.026/GB', 'GB downloaded | No-cost up to 1 GB/day', 'Download operations | No-cost up to 50K/day'"},{"url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/projects/learn-more","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"'Spark pricing plan: Project-creation quota is limited to a small number of projects (usually around 5-10)'"}],"verdict":"fails-egress","verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","notes":"5 GB stored on Spark (no-cost) plan; 1 GB downloaded per day; 50k download ops/day","extras":{"dead_end":{"failure_class":"quota","why":"5 GB stored on Spark (no-cost) plan; 1 GB downloaded per day; 50k download ops/day","retry_when":null,"first_recorded":"2026-10-21"}},"binding":"per-ip-shaping","binding_note":null},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":5.0,"unit":"GB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[0].value","kind":"limit:per-ip-shaping","num":1.0,"unit":"GB","per":"day","currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"}],"unknown":[["$.binding_note","boilerplate"],["$.confidence_note","withheld"],["$.extras.dead_end.retry_when","process"],["$.free_tier.notes","process"],["$.identity_cost.detail","defaulted"],["$.identity_cost.kind","identity-defaulted"],["$.per_object_cap.notes","not-extracted"],["$.per_object_cap.stated","not-extracted"],["$.retention.notes","not-extracted"],["$.retention.stated","not-extracted"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"storage/google-artifact-registry","card":{"rid":"storage/google-artifact-registry","eid":"google","topic":"storage","slug":"google-artifact-registry","provider":"Google Artifact Registry (incl. the gcr.io domain)","url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","domain":"google.com","category":"registry","tier":null,"verdict":"fails-egress","vorder":5,"grp":"rejected","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"reported","binding":"none","identity_kind":"card","identity_basis":"stated","needs_card":1,"needs_phone":0,"needs_id":0,"needs_institution":0,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"oci","egress_metered":1,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-11-03T01:28:49.780Z","verified_basis":"inherited","checked_on":"2026-10-21","stale_on":"2026-11-05","n_evidence":7,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"0.5 GiB-month, once per billing account, shared across every project on it: 'Artifact Registry Storage | 0 gibibyte month to 0.5 gibibyte month | $0.00 (Free...","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":8,"free_unit":"GiB"},"record":{"topic":"storage","slug":"google-artifact-registry","provider":"Google Artifact Registry (incl. the gcr.io domain)","url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","category":"registry","free_tier":{"stated":"0.5 GiB-month, once per billing account, shared across every project on it: 'Artifact Registry Storage | 0 gibibyte month to 0.5 gibibyte month | $0.00 (Free) / 1 gibibyte hour, per 1 month / account'; above that $0.000136986/GiB-hour (~$0.10/GiB-month). The page explicitly closes the multi-project loophole: 'Pricing applies to billing accounts, not individual Google Cloud projects ... the limit for the storage free tier is for total usage across all the attached projects.'","unit":"GiB","metered_on":"stored-bytes","source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","read_on":"2026-10-21","notes":null},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"not stated","source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","notes":"not stated"},"retention":{"stated":"not stated","source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","notes":"not stated"},"egress":{"terms":"NOT free — this is the clearest egress failure among the three hyperscalers: 'Pricing for outbound Internet data transfer is based on Premium tier pricing. This is network traffic leaving a repository to a client that is not a Google product, such as using a local server that is downloading artifacts.' Intra-Google traffic is $0.00, and same-continent repository-to-service moves are $0.00, but anything to the open internet is metered at Google's premium internet egress rates. There is no anonymous or public-repo egress allowance.","metered":true},"interface":["oci"],"interface_detail":"oci","tooling":"docker/ORAS/gcloud artifacts; gcr.io domain repositories are billed as Artifact Registry.","chaining":"0.5 GiB per billing account is not worth chaining; a second billing account requires a second payment instrument.","limits":[],"limits_note":"0.5 GiB free total; no per-layer cap published in the pricing page; repository-scoped IAM.","identity_cost":{"kind":"card","detail":"Billing signup requires a credit card or other payment method; the Free Tier needs a Google Cloud billing account, which a new user gets by signing up for a Free Trial.","country":null},"reliability_note":"Stable, but the free tier is effectively decorative and the egress meter is the hard wall.","confidence":"reported","confidence_note":null,"evidence":[{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"'0 gibibyte month to 0.5 gibibyte month $0.00 (Free)', 'Pricing applies to billing accounts, not individual Google Cloud projects'"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"'Pricing for outbound Internet data transfer is based on Premium tier pricing'"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/network-tiers/pricing","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"'Premium Tier egress is priced at internet egress rates'"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"Google Cloud signup, which the Free Tier needs a billing account from, requires a credit card or other payment method","capture":"sha256:1b2c72166c369756ff5dff598a4a1f009ccc902f90e5efcd6100de6e0ab17c85","quote":"During the sign up, you must provide a credit card or other payment method"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"the Artifact Registry storage free band is 0 to 0.5 GiB-month","capture":"sha256:7f2494db97135609215183bd8a23681344dac0a3b0d828dbba55a55ba1421c82","quote":"Artifact Registry Storage | 0 gibibyte month to 0.5 gibibyte month"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"the free band is per billing account, not per project","capture":"sha256:7f2494db97135609215183bd8a23681344dac0a3b0d828dbba55a55ba1421c82","quote":"Pricing applies to billing accounts, not individual Google Cloud projects."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"the Free Tier table lists 0.5 GB of Artifact Registry storage per month","capture":"sha256:1b2c72166c369756ff5dff598a4a1f009ccc902f90e5efcd6100de6e0ab17c85","quote":"0.5 GB of storage per month."}],"verdict":"fails-egress","verified_at":"2026-11-03T01:28:49.780Z","notes":"0.5 GiB-month, once per billing account, shared across every project on it: 'Artifact Registry Storage | 0 gibibyte month to 0.5 gibibyte month | $0.00 (Free) / 1 gibibyte hour, per 1 month / account'; above that $0.000136986/GiB-hour (~$0.10/GiB-month). The page explicitly closes the multi-project loophole: 'Pricing applies to billing accounts, not individual Google Cloud projects ... the limit for the storage free tier is for total usage across all the attached projects.'","extras":{"dead_end":{"failure_class":"quota","why":"0.5 GiB-month, once per billing account, shared across every project on it: 'Artifact Registry Storage | 0 gibibyte month to 0.5 gibibyte month | $0.00 (Free) / 1 gibibyte hour, per 1 month / account'; above that $0.000136986/GiB-hour (~$0.10/GiB-month). The page explicitly closes the multi-project loophole: 'Pricing applies to billing accounts, not individual Google Cloud projects ... the limit for the storage free tier is for total usage across all the attached projects.'","retry_when":null,"first_recorded":"2026-10-21"}},"binding":"none","binding_note":null},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":0.5,"unit":"GiB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"}],"unknown":[["$.binding_note","boilerplate"],["$.confidence_note","withheld"],["$.extras.dead_end.retry_when","process"],["$.free_tier.notes","process"],["$.per_object_cap.notes","not-extracted"],["$.per_object_cap.stated","not-extracted"],["$.retention.notes","not-extracted"],["$.retention.stated","not-extracted"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"storage/google-artifact-registry-2","card":{"rid":"storage/google-artifact-registry-2","eid":"google","topic":"storage","slug":"google-artifact-registry-2","provider":"google artifact registry","url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","domain":"google.com","category":"rejected-provider","tier":null,"verdict":"fails-egress","vorder":5,"grp":"rejected","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"reported","binding":"none","identity_kind":"card","identity_basis":"stated","needs_card":1,"needs_phone":0,"needs_id":0,"needs_institution":0,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":null,"egress_metered":0,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-11-03T01:28:49.783Z","verified_basis":"inherited","checked_on":"2026-11-03","stale_on":"2026-11-18","n_evidence":4,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"0.5 GiB-month of storage per billing account, shared across all projects on it; above that $0.000136986 per GiB-hour.","duplicate_of":"storage/google-artifact-registry","n_unknown":14,"free_unit":"GiB"},"record":{"topic":"storage","slug":"google-artifact-registry-2","provider":"google artifact registry","url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","category":"rejected-provider","free_tier":{"stated":"0.5 GiB-month of storage per billing account, shared across all projects on it; above that $0.000136986 per GiB-hour.","unit":"GiB","metered_on":"stored-bytes","source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","read_on":"2026-10-21","notes":null},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"not recorded","bytes":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","notes":"not recorded"},"retention":{"stated":"not recorded","days":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","notes":null},"egress":{"terms":"not recorded","metered":false},"interface":["unknown"],"interface_detail":null,"tooling":"not recorded","chaining":"not recorded","limits":[],"limits_note":null,"identity_cost":{"kind":"card","detail":"Billing signup requires a credit card or other payment method; the Free Tier needs a Google Cloud billing account, which a new user gets by signing up for a Free Trial.","country":null},"reliability_note":"The storage free band is 0.5 GiB-month per billing account, shared across all projects.","confidence":"reported","confidence_note":null,"evidence":[{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"Free tier is 1 GiB-month of storage per billing account, shared across all projects, and egress between regions is $0.01-0.05/GB. Fails both the quota and egress filters."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"the Artifact Registry storage free band is 0 to 0.5 GiB-month","capture":"sha256:7f2494db97135609215183bd8a23681344dac0a3b0d828dbba55a55ba1421c82","quote":"Artifact Registry Storage | 0 gibibyte month to 0.5 gibibyte month"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"the free band is per billing account, not per project","capture":"sha256:7f2494db97135609215183bd8a23681344dac0a3b0d828dbba55a55ba1421c82","quote":"Pricing applies to billing accounts, not individual Google Cloud projects."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-11-03","proved":"Google Cloud signup, which the Free Tier needs a billing account from, requires a credit card or other payment method","capture":"sha256:1b2c72166c369756ff5dff598a4a1f009ccc902f90e5efcd6100de6e0ab17c85","quote":"During the sign up, you must provide a credit card or other payment method"}],"verdict":"fails-egress","verified_at":"2026-11-03T01:28:49.783Z","notes":"The storage free band is 0.5 GiB-month per billing account, shared across all projects.","extras":{"dead_end":{"failure_class":"egress","why":"Free tier is 1 GiB-month of storage per billing account, shared across all projects, and egress between regions is $0.01-0.05/GB. Fails both the quota and egress filters.","retry_when":null,"first_recorded":"2026-10-21"}},"binding":"none","binding_note":null},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":0.5,"unit":"GiB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"}],"unknown":[["$.binding_note","boilerplate"],["$.chaining","not-recorded"],["$.confidence_note","withheld"],["$.egress.terms","not-recorded"],["$.extras.dead_end.retry_when","process"],["$.free_tier.notes","process"],["$.interface","interface-unknown"],["$.interface_detail","withheld"],["$.limits_note","process"],["$.per_object_cap.notes","not-recorded"],["$.per_object_cap.stated","not-recorded"],["$.retention.notes","process"],["$.retention.stated","not-recorded"],["$.tooling","not-recorded"]],"history":[],"drift":[{"kind":"duplicate-disagrees","subject":"storage/google-artifact-registry-2","other":"storage/google-artifact-registry-3","field":"verdict","a":"fails-egress","b":"fails-quota","detail":null}]},{"rid":"storage/google-cloud-source-repositories","card":{"rid":"storage/google-cloud-source-repositories","eid":"google","topic":"storage","slug":"google-cloud-source-repositories","provider":"google cloud source repositories","url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","domain":"google.com","category":"rejected-provider","tier":null,"verdict":"fails-egress","vorder":5,"grp":"rejected","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"reported","binding":"none","identity_kind":"email","identity_basis":"defaulted","needs_card":null,"needs_phone":null,"needs_id":null,"needs_institution":null,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":null,"egress_metered":0,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","verified_basis":"inherited","checked_on":"2026-10-21","stale_on":"2026-11-05","n_evidence":2,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"50 GB/month storage and 50 GB/month egress on the free tier, but the product is end-of-sale and being replaced by Secure Source Manager. 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with zero bytes — the…","extras":{"dead_end":{"failure_class":"quota","why":"Attractive in theory (free identities, Drive for desktop supported), but it grants no Workspace storage entitlement and no shared drives, so it produces identities with zero bytes — 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Storage for Firebase (Spark/Blaze)","url":"https://firebase.google.com/pricing","domain":"google.com","category":"paas","tier":null,"verdict":"fails-quota","vorder":6,"grp":"rejected","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"reported","binding":"per-ip-shaping","identity_kind":"card","identity_basis":"inferred","needs_card":null,"needs_phone":null,"needs_id":null,"needs_institution":null,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"rest,rclone","egress_metered":1,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","verified_basis":"inherited","checked_on":"2026-10-21","stale_on":"2026-11-05","n_evidence":2,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"5 GB stored free, but only on the Blaze pay-as-you-go plan; Spark project buckets return 402/403.","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":10,"free_unit":"GB"},"record":{"topic":"storage","slug":"cloud-storage-for-firebase","provider":"Cloud Storage for Firebase (Spark/Blaze)","url":"https://firebase.google.com/pricing","category":"paas","free_tier":{"stated":"5 GB stored free, but only on the Blaze pay-as-you-go plan; Spark project buckets return 402/403.","unit":"GB","metered_on":"stored-bytes","source_url":"https://firebase.google.com/pricing","read_on":"2026-10-21","notes":null},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"not stated","source_url":"https://firebase.google.com/pricing","notes":"not stated"},"retention":{"stated":"not stated","source_url":"https://firebase.google.com/pricing","notes":"not stated"},"egress":{"terms":"1 GB/day free for legacy *.appspot.com buckets, then $0.12/GB; 100 GB/month for *.firebasestorage.app buckets. Metered beyond that.","metered":true,"free_allowance":"100 GB per month"},"interface":["rest","rclone"],"interface_detail":"rest","tooling":"Firebase Storage SDK / GCS JSON+XML API (rclone 'gs'/'gcs'); buckets are ordinary GCS buckets so rclone works.","chaining":"5 GB x N Firebase projects — each project needs a billing account on Blaze, which defeats the purpose since Blaze is a metered surface.","limits":[{"kind":"per-ip-shaping","value":"1 GB/day","source":"https://firebase.google.com/pricing"}],"limits_note":"5 GB stored; 20K upload ops/day (appspot) / 5K/month (firebasestorage.app); 1 GB/day or 100 GB/month egress; bucket creation post-Sept-2024 uses PROJECT_ID.firebasestorage.app naming.","identity_cost":{"kind":"card","detail":null,"country":null},"reliability_note":"Requires attaching a credit card (Blaze). No free path at all since the Sept 2024 change — this is the clearest 'free that is not free' in the Google stack.","confidence":"reported","confidence_note":null,"evidence":[{"url":"https://firebase.google.com/pricing","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"'Storage | * Not applicable * | No-cost up to 5 GB Then $0.10/GB'; 'GB downloaded | No-cost up to 1 GB/day Then $0.12/GB'"},{"url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/faqs-storage-changes-announced-sept-2024","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"'If your Firebase project is on the Spark pricing plan, you won't have access to any Cloud Storage buckets … your API calls to buckets will return 402 or 403 errors'"}],"verdict":"fails-quota","verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","notes":"5 GB stored free, but only on the Blaze pay-as-you-go plan; Spark project buckets return 402/403.","extras":{"dead_end":{"failure_class":"quota","why":"5 GB stored free, but only on the Blaze pay-as-you-go plan; Spark project buckets return 402/403.","retry_when":null,"first_recorded":"2026-10-21"}},"binding":"per-ip-shaping","binding_note":null},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":5.0,"unit":"GB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[0].value","kind":"limit:per-ip-shaping","num":1.0,"unit":"GB","per":"day","currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"}],"unknown":[["$.binding_note","boilerplate"],["$.confidence_note","withheld"],["$.extras.dead_end.retry_when","process"],["$.free_tier.notes","process"],["$.identity_cost.detail","boilerplate"],["$.identity_cost.kind","identity-defaulted"],["$.per_object_cap.notes","not-extracted"],["$.per_object_cap.stated","not-extracted"],["$.retention.notes","not-extracted"],["$.retention.stated","not-extracted"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"storage/gcp-research-credits-programme","card":{"rid":"storage/gcp-research-credits-programme","eid":"google","topic":"storage","slug":"gcp-research-credits-programme","provider":"GCP research credits programme (Cloud for Higher Education)","url":"https://support.google.com/google-cloud-higher-ed/answer/10724468?hl=en","domain":"google.com","category":"iaas","tier":null,"verdict":"fails-quota","vorder":6,"grp":"rejected","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"reported","binding":"write-gated","identity_kind":"institution","identity_basis":"inferred","needs_card":null,"needs_phone":null,"needs_id":null,"needs_institution":null,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"s3,rclone","egress_metered":1,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","verified_basis":"inherited","checked_on":"2026-10-21","stale_on":"2026-11-05","n_evidence":3,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"$5,000 one-time for faculty/postdoc; $1,000 per year for PhD students. Credit-denominated, buys GCS at list price (~$20/TB-month Standard).","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":10,"free_unit":"TB"},"record":{"topic":"storage","slug":"gcp-research-credits-programme","provider":"GCP research credits programme (Cloud for Higher Education)","url":"https://support.google.com/google-cloud-higher-ed/answer/10724468?hl=en","category":"iaas","free_tier":{"stated":"$5,000 one-time for faculty/postdoc; $1,000 per year for PhD students. Credit-denominated, buys GCS at list price (~$20/TB-month Standard).","unit":"TB","metered_on":"unstated","source_url":"https://support.google.com/google-cloud-higher-ed/answer/10724468?hl=en","read_on":"2026-10-21","notes":null},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"not stated","source_url":"https://support.google.com/google-cloud-higher-ed/answer/10724468?hl=en","notes":"not stated"},"retention":{"stated":"not stated","source_url":"https://support.google.com/google-cloud-higher-ed/answer/10724468?hl=en","notes":"not stated"},"egress":{"terms":"Metered at standard GCS rates unless fronted by Cloudflare; credit covers it.","metered":true},"interface":["s3","rclone"],"interface_detail":"s3","tooling":"GCS JSON/XML API, gsutil, rclone 'gcs' backend.","chaining":"PhD students can re-apply annually - the only genuinely recurring line here. $1,000/yr is roughly 4 TB-months of Standard storage, so it funds a working set, not an archive.","limits":[{"kind":"write-gated","value":"review","source":"https://support.google.com/google-cloud-higher-ed/answer/10724468?hl=en"}],"limits_note":"Only available in the countries on Google's dropdown; must be a faculty member, postdoc, or PhD student at a listed institution; masters students ineligible. Faculty may apply only once, ever ('you are only eligible to apply one time'). 6-8 week review. One applicant per research proposal.","identity_cost":{"kind":"institution","detail":null,"country":null},"reliability_note":"Credits expire; GCS bills continue after the credit is exhausted. No data loss, just a bill.","confidence":"reported","confidence_note":null,"evidence":[{"url":"https://support.google.com/google-cloud-higher-ed/answer/10724468?hl=en","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"'PhD students conducting research may apply for $1000 in GCP Credit per year'; 'Faculty and Postdoctoral researchers are eligible for one award of up to $5,000 USD'"},{"url":"https://support.google.com/google-cloud-higher-ed/answer/10724468?hl=en","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"'if you are a faculty member or postdoctoral researcher you are only eligible to apply one time'"},{"url":"https://edu.google.com/programs/credits/research/","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"'The program is currently only available in the countries listed'; form requires organisation name and faculty-directory link"}],"verdict":"fails-quota","verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","notes":"$5,000 one-time for faculty/postdoc; $1,000 per year for PhD students. Credit-denominated, buys GCS at list price (~$20/TB-month Standard).","extras":{"dead_end":{"failure_class":"quota","why":"$5,000 one-time for faculty/postdoc; $1,000 per year for PhD students. Credit-denominated, buys GCS at list price (~$20/TB-month Standard).","retry_when":null,"first_recorded":"2026-10-21"}},"binding":"write-gated","binding_note":null},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"},{"path":"$.limits[0].value","kind":"limit:write-gated","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"}],"unknown":[["$.binding_note","boilerplate"],["$.confidence_note","withheld"],["$.extras.dead_end.retry_when","process"],["$.free_tier.notes","process"],["$.identity_cost.detail","boilerplate"],["$.identity_cost.kind","identity-defaulted"],["$.per_object_cap.notes","not-extracted"],["$.per_object_cap.stated","not-extracted"],["$.retention.notes","not-extracted"],["$.retention.stated","not-extracted"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"storage/gmail-15-gb-shared-and-the-honest-ceiling-of-gmail-as-in","card":{"rid":"storage/gmail-15-gb-shared-and-the-honest-ceiling-of-gmail-as-in","eid":"google","topic":"storage","slug":"gmail-15-gb-shared-and-the-honest-ceiling-of-gmail-as-in","provider":"Gmail (free @gmail.com) — 15 GB shared","url":"https://mail.google.com","domain":"google.com","category":"cloud-drive","tier":null,"verdict":"fails-quota","vorder":6,"grp":"rejected","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"reported","binding":"per-ip-shaping","identity_kind":"email","identity_basis":"inferred","needs_card":null,"needs_phone":null,"needs_id":null,"needs_institution":null,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"rest","egress_metered":0,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","verified_basis":"inherited","checked_on":"2026-10-21","stale_on":"2026-11-05","n_evidence":4,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"15 GB per Google Account, shared across Gmail, Drive and Photos: \"Each Google Account includes up to 15 GB of storage, which is shared across Gmail, Google D...","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":13,"free_unit":"GB"},"record":{"topic":"storage","slug":"gmail-15-gb-shared-and-the-honest-ceiling-of-gmail-as-in","provider":"Gmail (free @gmail.com) — 15 GB shared","url":"https://mail.google.com","category":"cloud-drive","free_tier":{"stated":"15 GB per Google Account, shared across Gmail, Drive and Photos: \"Each Google Account includes up to 15 GB of storage, which is shared across Gmail, Google Drive, and Google Photos.\" Attachments: 25 MB send (\"For personal Gmail accounts, the limit is 25 MB\"), 50 MB receive.","unit":"GB","metered_on":"stored-bytes","source_url":"https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/9312312","read_on":"2026-10-21","notes":null},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"not stated","source_url":"https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/9312312","notes":"not stated"},"retention":{"stated":"not stated","source_url":"https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/9312312","notes":"not stated"},"egress":{"terms":"Free for the account holder — Gmail has no egress meter at all; the constraint is the bandwidth throttle, not a price. That is precisely why the throttle is the finding.","metered":false},"interface":["rest"],"interface_detail":"rest","tooling":"IMAP probe-verified: `imap.gmail.com:993` -> `* OK Gimap ready` / `* CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 UNSELECT IDLE NAMESPACE QUOTA ID XLIST CHILDREN X-GM-EXT-1 XYZZY SASL-IR AUTH=XOAUTH2 AUTH=PLAIN AUTH=PLAIN-CLIENTTOKEN AUTH=OAUTHBEARER` (XOAUTH2 required for real use). Gmail API: `messages.insert` = 25 units, 6,000 units/min/user, 80,000,000 units/day/project.","chaining":"N accounts × 15 GB minus whatever Drive/Photos already took. But the multiplier that matters is not accounts — see limits. This is the classic 'infinite Gmail storage' idea and it does not survive arithmetic.","limits":[{"kind":"per-ip-shaping","value":"0.5 GB/day","source":"https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/9312312"},{"kind":"per-ip-shaping","value":"2.5 GB/day","source":"https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/9312312"}],"limits_note":"SMTP advertises `250-SIZE 35882577` (34.2 MiB) per message. So per account the real write rate is ~0.5 GB/day and the real read rate is ~2.5 GB/day. Filling 15 GB therefore takes a minimum of ~30 days per account, and serving 500 GB/day of reads requires ~200 accounts running in parallel every day. Gmail is not a fetch tier by two orders of magnitude. To reach 10 TiB of writes you would need 20,480 account-days of upload. Verdict on the idea: 15 GB × unlimited accounts is arithmetically true and operationally false — the daily byte meter, not the quota, is the wall.","identity_cost":{"kind":"email","detail":null,"country":null},"reliability_note":"Exceeding the bandwidth limit suspends IMAP upload for ~1 hour (up to 24 h); repeated heavy sync is the documented trigger, and the docs explicitly call out 'syncing a Gmail account to a third-party email client' as a cause.","confidence":"reported","confidence_note":null,"evidence":[{"url":"https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/9312312","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"\"15 GB ... shared across Gmail, Google Drive, and Google Photos\""},{"url":"https://knowledge.workspace.google.com/admin/gmail/gmail-bandwidth-limits","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"IMAP download 2,500 MB/day, IMAP upload 500 MB/day, web upload 1,500 MB/day"},{"url":null,"date":"2026-10-21","proved":"probe: openssl s_client smtp.gmail.com:587 STARTTLS EHLO -> 250-SIZE 35882577"},{"url":null,"date":"2026-10-21","proved":"probe: imap.gmail.com:993 -> * OK Gimap ready; CAPABILITY incl. QUOTA, X-GM-EXT-1, AUTH=XOAUTH2"}],"verdict":"fails-quota","verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","notes":"15 GB per Google Account, shared across Gmail, Drive and Photos: \"Each Google Account includes up to 15 GB of storage, which is shared across Gmail, Google Drive, and Google Photos.\" Attachments: 25 MB send (\"For personal Gmail accounts, the limit is 25 MB\"), 50 MB receive.","extras":{"dead_end":{"failure_class":"quota","why":"15 GB per Google Account, shared across Gmail, Drive and Photos: \"Each Google Account includes up to 15 GB of storage, which is shared across Gmail, Google Drive, and Google Photos.\" Attachments: 25 MB send (\"For personal Gmail accounts, the limit is 25 MB\"), 50 MB receive.","retry_when":null,"first_recorded":"2026-10-21"}},"binding":"per-ip-shaping","binding_note":null},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":15.0,"unit":"GB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[0].value","kind":"limit:per-ip-shaping","num":0.5,"unit":"GB","per":"day","currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[1].value","kind":"limit:per-ip-shaping","num":2.5,"unit":"GB","per":"day","currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"}],"unknown":[["$.binding_note","boilerplate"],["$.confidence_note","withheld"],["$.evidence[2].url","private-url"],["$.evidence[3].url","private-url"],["$.extras.dead_end.retry_when","process"],["$.free_tier.notes","process"],["$.identity_cost.detail","boilerplate"],["$.identity_cost.kind","identity-defaulted"],["$.limits_note","partly-held"],["$.per_object_cap.notes","not-extracted"],["$.per_object_cap.stated","not-extracted"],["$.retention.notes","not-extracted"],["$.retention.stated","not-extracted"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"storage/gmail-as-bulk-storage","card":{"rid":"storage/gmail-as-bulk-storage","eid":"google","topic":"storage","slug":"gmail-as-bulk-storage","provider":"gmail as bulk storage","url":"https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/9312312","domain":"google.com","category":"rejected-provider","tier":null,"verdict":"fails-quota","vorder":6,"grp":"rejected","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"reported","binding":"none","identity_kind":"email","identity_basis":"defaulted","needs_card":null,"needs_phone":null,"needs_id":null,"needs_institution":null,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":null,"egress_metered":0,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","verified_basis":"inherited","checked_on":"2026-10-21","stale_on":"2026-11-05","n_evidence":2,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"Gmail shares the same 15 GB (or pooled Workspace) quota as Drive, and attachments are capped at 50 MB inbound / 25 MB outbound — so it multiplies nothing whi...","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":16,"free_unit":"none"},"record":{"topic":"storage","slug":"gmail-as-bulk-storage","provider":"gmail as bulk storage","url":"https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/9312312","category":"rejected-provider","free_tier":{"stated":"Gmail shares the same 15 GB (or pooled Workspace) quota as Drive, and attachments are capped at 50 MB inbound / 25 MB outbound — so it multiplies nothing while consuming the same bytes.…","unit":"none","metered_on":"none","source_url":"https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/9312312","read_on":"2026-10-21","notes":null},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"not recorded","bytes":null,"source_url":"https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/9312312","notes":"not recorded"},"retention":{"stated":"not recorded","days":null,"source_url":"https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/9312312","notes":null},"egress":{"terms":"not recorded","metered":false},"interface":["unknown"],"interface_detail":null,"tooling":"not recorded","chaining":"not recorded","limits":[],"limits_note":null,"identity_cost":{"kind":"email","detail":null,"country":null},"reliability_note":"Gmail shares the same 15 GB (or pooled Workspace) quota as Drive, and attachments are capped at 50 MB inbound / 25 MB outbound — so it multiplies nothing while consuming the same bytes.…","confidence":"reported","confidence_note":null,"evidence":[{"url":"https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/9312312","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"Gmail shares the same 15 GB (or pooled Workspace) quota as Drive, and attachments are capped at 50 MB inbound / 25 MB outbound — so it multiplies nothing while consuming the same bytes.…"},{"url":"https://workspaceupdates.googleblog.com/2026/02/ending-larger-attachments-in-gmail-new-50MB-limit-for-Enterprise-Plus.html","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"cited as the basis of the rejection: Gmail shares the same 15 GB (or pooled Workspace) quota as Drive, and attachments are capped at 50 MB inbound / 25 MB outbound — so it multiplies nothing while consuming the same bytes. Stri"}],"verdict":"fails-quota","verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","notes":"Gmail shares the same 15 GB (or pooled Workspace) quota as Drive, and attachments are capped at 50 MB inbound / 25 MB outbound — so it multiplies nothing while consuming the same bytes.…","extras":{"dead_end":{"failure_class":"quota","why":"Gmail shares the same 15 GB (or pooled Workspace) quota as Drive, and attachments are capped at 50 MB inbound / 25 MB outbound — so it multiplies nothing while consuming the same bytes.…","retry_when":null,"first_recorded":"2026-10-21"}},"binding":"none","binding_note":null},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":15.0,"unit":"GB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"}],"unknown":[["$.binding_note","boilerplate"],["$.chaining","not-recorded"],["$.confidence_note","withheld"],["$.egress.terms","not-recorded"],["$.extras.dead_end.retry_when","process"],["$.free_tier.notes","process"],["$.identity_cost.detail","defaulted"],["$.identity_cost.kind","identity-defaulted"],["$.interface","interface-unknown"],["$.interface_detail","withheld"],["$.limits_note","process"],["$.per_object_cap.notes","not-recorded"],["$.per_object_cap.stated","not-recorded"],["$.retention.notes","process"],["$.retention.stated","not-recorded"],["$.tooling","not-recorded"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"storage/google-artifact-registry-3","card":{"rid":"storage/google-artifact-registry-3","eid":"google","topic":"storage","slug":"google-artifact-registry-3","provider":"google artifact registry (as a blob store)","url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","domain":"google.com","category":"rejected-provider","tier":null,"verdict":"fails-quota","vorder":6,"grp":"rejected","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"documented","binding":"volume-quota","identity_kind":"card","identity_basis":"stated","needs_card":1,"needs_phone":0,"needs_id":0,"needs_institution":0,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"rest,cli,oci","egress_metered":1,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-10-31T00:29:41.516Z","verified_basis":"inherited","checked_on":"2026-10-31","stale_on":"2026-12-01","n_evidence":36,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"0.5 GiB-month of Artifact Registry storage free per billing account, shared across every project attached to it; above that USD 0.000136986 per GiB-hour","duplicate_of":"storage/google-artifact-registry","n_unknown":1,"free_unit":"GiB"},"record":{"topic":"storage","slug":"google-artifact-registry-3","provider":"google artifact registry (as a blob store)","url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","category":"rejected-provider","free_tier":{"stated":"0.5 GiB-month of Artifact Registry storage free per billing account, shared across every project attached to it; above that USD 0.000136986 per GiB-hour","unit":"GiB","metered_on":"stored-bytes","source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","read_on":"2026-10-21","notes":"the Google Cloud Free Tier page states the same allowance as 0.5 GB of storage per month"},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"unverified: the Artifact Registry quotas page lists request quotas and usage limits but no size cap for a stored file","bytes":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/quotas","notes":"the only size limit on the quotas page is 9.9 GB of data retrieved from the upstream of a remote repository per request"},"retention":{"stated":"unverified: the pricing, quotas and generic artifact pages state no expiry for stored artifacts","days":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/quotas","notes":"cleanup policies, at most 10 per repository, delete at most 300,000 artifacts per repository a day"},"egress":{"terms":"outbound internet transfer from a repository is billed at Premium Tier internet rates; transfer into Google Cloud is free; transfer to a Google Cloud service in the same location is free, and between locations in the US and Canada it is USD 0.01 per GiB; no free outbound allowance is stated for Artifact…","metered":true},"interface":["rest","cli","oci"],"interface_detail":"generic repositories: upload with POST https://artifactregistry.googleapis.com/upload/v1/projects/PROJECT/locations/LOCATION/repositories/REPOSITORY/genericArtifacts:create, download with GET https://artifactregistry.googleapis.com/download/v1/projects/PROJECT/locations/LOCATION/repositories/REPOSITORY/files/FILE:download?alt=media, or gcloud artifacts generic upload and download; Docker-format repositories store OCI images","tooling":"gcloud artifacts generic upload and download, or any HTTP client against the REST upload and download endpoints; Docker clients for Docker-format repositories","chaining":"projects do not multiply the allowance: the 0.5 GiB-month of free storage is counted once per billing account, across every project attached to it","limits":[{"kind":"volume-quota","value":"0.5 GiB-month of storage free per billing account, shared across every attached project","source":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing"},{"kind":"request-rate","value":"60,000 requests and 18,000 write requests per minute per project in each region or multi-region","source":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/quotas"}],"limits_note":"storage above the free band is billed at USD 0.000136986 per GiB-hour, so the volume quota is a price threshold, not a hard stop","identity_cost":{"kind":"card","detail":"the free tier needs a Google Cloud billing account; billing signup takes a credit card or other payment method, and in some countries a bank account verification","country":null},"reliability_note":"usage above the 0.5 GiB-month of free storage is billed at standard rates to the billing account, not stopped","confidence":"documented","confidence_note":"every value was read on Google Cloud pages; no billing account was opened, so no value is measured","evidence":[{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"0.5 GB/month free."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"Artifact Registry storage is free from 0 to 0.5 GiB-month per billing account and USD 0.000136986 per GiB-hour above","capture":"sha256:fdcb3cf330c6b93e04a181560f029b0a0e9834e0aa724d9623426875e9b233f6","quote":"| Artifact Registry Storage | 0 gibibyte month to 0.5 gibibyte month<br>$0.00 (Free) / 1 gibibyte hour, per 1 month / account<br>0.5 gibibyte month and above<br>$0.000136986 / 1 gibibyte hour, per 1 month / account |"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"the free storage band is stated in gibibytes","capture":"sha256:fdcb3cf330c6b93e04a181560f029b0a0e9834e0aa724d9623426875e9b233f6","quote":"| Artifact Registry Storage | 0 gibibyte month to 0.5 gibibyte month<br>$0.00 (Free) / 1 gibibyte hour, per 1 month / account<br>0.5 gibibyte month and above<br>$0.000136986 / 1 gibibyte hour, per 1 month / account |"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"the storage charge and its free band meter bytes at rest","capture":"sha256:fdcb3cf330c6b93e04a181560f029b0a0e9834e0aa724d9623426875e9b233f6","quote":"Storage costs apply to the at-rest storage of your artifacts in Artifact Registry repositories."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"the product pricing page states the free band and the price above it","capture":"sha256:fdcb3cf330c6b93e04a181560f029b0a0e9834e0aa724d9623426875e9b233f6","quote":"| Artifact Registry Storage | 0 gibibyte month to 0.5 gibibyte month<br>$0.00 (Free) / 1 gibibyte hour, per 1 month / account<br>0.5 gibibyte month and above<br>$0.000136986 / 1 gibibyte hour, per 1 month / account |"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"the Google Cloud Free Tier gives Artifact Registry 0.5 GB of storage a month","capture":"sha256:885a38c2b738a7e9ac34bffbae919db1163c80786856ff5f689da3a3bfe0b095","quote":"0.5 GB of storage per month. Learn about [Artifact Registry pricing]"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"Google Cloud billing signup takes a credit card or other payment method","capture":"sha256:885a38c2b738a7e9ac34bffbae919db1163c80786856ff5f689da3a3bfe0b095","quote":"During the sign up, you must provide a credit card or other payment method that is valid for the period of the Free Trial."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"billing signup takes a card or other payment method, and in some countries a bank account verification","capture":"sha256:885a38c2b738a7e9ac34bffbae919db1163c80786856ff5f689da3a3bfe0b095","quote":"During the sign up, you must provide a credit card or other payment method that is valid for the period of the Free Trial. Depending on your country, you might also need to [verify your bank account]"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"outbound internet transfer from a repository is priced at Premium Tier rates","capture":"sha256:fdcb3cf330c6b93e04a181560f029b0a0e9834e0aa724d9623426875e9b233f6","quote":"Pricing for outbound Internet data transfer is based on [Premium tier](https://cloud.google.com/network-tiers/pricing#premium-pricing) pricing."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"outbound internet transfer is billed","capture":"sha256:fdcb3cf330c6b93e04a181560f029b0a0e9834e0aa724d9623426875e9b233f6","quote":"Pricing for outbound Internet data transfer is based on [Premium tier](https://cloud.google.com/network-tiers/pricing#premium-pricing) pricing."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/docs/generic","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"generic artifacts are uploaded through a REST endpoint; the page also documents gcloud artifacts generic upload and download","capture":"sha256:5b416c2de70b2d956060c20262945d0d517c4249678c3008e1277c894993405b","quote":"POST https://artifactregistry.googleapis.com/upload/v1/projects/PROJECT/locations/LOCATION/repositories/REPOSITORY/genericArtifacts:create?alt=json"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/docs/generic","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"generic artifacts are downloaded through a REST endpoint; the same page gives the upload endpoint","capture":"sha256:5b416c2de70b2d956060c20262945d0d517c4249678c3008e1277c894993405b","quote":"GET https://artifactregistry.googleapis.com/download/v1/projects/PROJECT/locations/LOCATION/repositories/REPOSITORY/files/FILE:download?alt=media"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/docs/generic","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"the generic artifact page documents the REST upload endpoint and the gcloud artifacts generic commands","capture":"sha256:5b416c2de70b2d956060c20262945d0d517c4249678c3008e1277c894993405b","quote":"POST https://artifactregistry.googleapis.com/upload/v1/projects/PROJECT/locations/LOCATION/repositories/REPOSITORY/genericArtifacts:create?alt=json"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"the free storage limit is shared by every project attached to one billing account","capture":"sha256:fdcb3cf330c6b93e04a181560f029b0a0e9834e0aa724d9623426875e9b233f6","quote":"the limit for the [storage](https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing#storage) free tier is for total usage across all the attached projects."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"the free storage band is 0.5 GiB-month per billing account","capture":"sha256:fdcb3cf330c6b93e04a181560f029b0a0e9834e0aa724d9623426875e9b233f6","quote":"| Artifact Registry Storage | 0 gibibyte month to 0.5 gibibyte month<br>$0.00 (Free) / 1 gibibyte hour, per 1 month / account<br>0.5 gibibyte month and above<br>$0.000136986 / 1 gibibyte hour, per 1 month / account |"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/quotas","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"each project may make 18,000 write requests a minute in a region or multi-region; the same table gives 60,000 requests a minute","capture":"sha256:a63156d62bbac3a48a0f4451a3204835b9c4c99363bb0bc07599a2da1a6d2f39","quote":"| Write requests per minute in each region or multi-region | 18,000 |"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"storage above 0.5 GiB-month is billed at USD 0.000136986 per GiB-hour","capture":"sha256:fdcb3cf330c6b93e04a181560f029b0a0e9834e0aa724d9623426875e9b233f6","quote":"| Artifact Registry Storage | 0 gibibyte month to 0.5 gibibyte month<br>$0.00 (Free) / 1 gibibyte hour, per 1 month / account<br>0.5 gibibyte month and above<br>$0.000136986 / 1 gibibyte hour, per 1 month / account |"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"the free tier is a storage volume band","capture":"sha256:fdcb3cf330c6b93e04a181560f029b0a0e9834e0aa724d9623426875e9b233f6","quote":"| Artifact Registry Storage | 0 gibibyte month to 0.5 gibibyte month<br>$0.00 (Free) / 1 gibibyte hour, per 1 month / account<br>0.5 gibibyte month and above<br>$0.000136986 / 1 gibibyte hour, per 1 month / account |"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"storage is free to 0.5 GiB-month and billed above","capture":"sha256:fdcb3cf330c6b93e04a181560f029b0a0e9834e0aa724d9623426875e9b233f6","quote":"| Artifact Registry Storage | 0 gibibyte month to 0.5 gibibyte month<br>$0.00 (Free) / 1 gibibyte hour, per 1 month / account<br>0.5 gibibyte month and above<br>$0.000136986 / 1 gibibyte hour, per 1 month / account |"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/quotas","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"the only size limit in the usage limits table is on upstream retrieval by a remote repository, not on a stored file","capture":"sha256:a63156d62bbac3a48a0f4451a3204835b9c4c99363bb0bc07599a2da1a6d2f39","quote":"| Max data retrieval from upstream of remote repository per request | 9.9 GB |"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/quotas","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"the quotas page is where Artifact Registry publishes its size limits","capture":"sha256:a63156d62bbac3a48a0f4451a3204835b9c4c99363bb0bc07599a2da1a6d2f39","quote":"| Max data retrieval from upstream of remote repository per request | 9.9 GB |"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/quotas","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"a remote repository retrieves at most 9.9 GB from its upstream per request","capture":"sha256:a63156d62bbac3a48a0f4451a3204835b9c4c99363bb0bc07599a2da1a6d2f39","quote":"| Max data retrieval from upstream of remote repository per request | 9.9 GB |"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/quotas","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"deletion is driven by cleanup policies; the usage limits table states no expiry","capture":"sha256:a63156d62bbac3a48a0f4451a3204835b9c4c99363bb0bc07599a2da1a6d2f39","quote":"| Cleanup policy deletions per repository, per day | 300,000 |"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/quotas","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"cleanup policies delete at most 300,000 artifacts per repository a day; the same table allows 10 policies per repository","capture":"sha256:a63156d62bbac3a48a0f4451a3204835b9c4c99363bb0bc07599a2da1a6d2f39","quote":"| Cleanup policy deletions per repository, per day | 300,000 |"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/quotas","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"the quotas page states the cleanup policy limits","capture":"sha256:a63156d62bbac3a48a0f4451a3204835b9c4c99363bb0bc07599a2da1a6d2f39","quote":"| Cleanup policy deletions per repository, per day | 300,000 |"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"usage above a Free Tier limit is billed, not stopped","capture":"sha256:885a38c2b738a7e9ac34bffbae919db1163c80786856ff5f689da3a3bfe0b095","quote":"Any usage that exceeds the Free Tier usage limits is billed at standard rates."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"Artifact Registry storage is free to 0.5 GiB-month per billing account and USD 0.000136986 per GiB-hour above","capture":"sha256:fdcb3cf330c6b93e04a181560f029b0a0e9834e0aa724d9623426875e9b233f6","quote":"| Artifact Registry Storage | 0 gibibyte month to 0.5 gibibyte month<br>$0.00 (Free) / 1 gibibyte hour, per 1 month / account<br>0.5 gibibyte month and above<br>$0.000136986 / 1 gibibyte hour, per 1 month / account |"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"the free tier is read on the first-party pricing page","capture":"sha256:fdcb3cf330c6b93e04a181560f029b0a0e9834e0aa724d9623426875e9b233f6","quote":"| Artifact Registry Storage | 0 gibibyte month to 0.5 gibibyte month<br>$0.00 (Free) / 1 gibibyte hour, per 1 month / account<br>0.5 gibibyte month and above<br>$0.000136986 / 1 gibibyte hour, per 1 month / account |"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"the values are read on first-party pages","capture":"sha256:fdcb3cf330c6b93e04a181560f029b0a0e9834e0aa724d9623426875e9b233f6","quote":"| Artifact Registry Storage | 0 gibibyte month to 0.5 gibibyte month<br>$0.00 (Free) / 1 gibibyte hour, per 1 month / account<br>0.5 gibibyte month and above<br>$0.000136986 / 1 gibibyte hour, per 1 month / account |"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/pricing","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"the free tier is 0.5 GiB-month per billing account, so the verdict fails-quota stands","capture":"sha256:fdcb3cf330c6b93e04a181560f029b0a0e9834e0aa724d9623426875e9b233f6","quote":"| Artifact Registry Storage | 0 gibibyte month to 0.5 gibibyte month<br>$0.00 (Free) / 1 gibibyte hour, per 1 month / account<br>0.5 gibibyte month and above<br>$0.000136986 / 1 gibibyte hour, per 1 month / account |"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/free-cloud-features","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"the Artifact Registry free tier needs a Google Cloud billing account","capture":"sha256:885a38c2b738a7e9ac34bffbae919db1163c80786856ff5f689da3a3bfe0b095","quote":"To use products that have a Free Tier, you need a [Google Cloud billing account]"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/billing/docs/how-to/create-billing-account","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"creating a self-serve billing account verifies a payment card with a pre-authorization hold","capture":"sha256:99c40681abe5e96b9fc0afb0a1eebd0d72e84501ece02acb431add2b9af1c793","quote":"This hold is not an actual charge. Instead, it is a verification request between the billing system and your card issuer to ensure that your card is valid and has sufficient credit available to cover your payments."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/docs/supported-formats","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"generic repositories store files in no package format, which is the blob-store use","capture":"sha256:818146dba8bb558ae94ffdeed29f959758049e492eacd6df408f94938f1d1c0e","quote":"| Generic | Store generic artifacts. Generic artifacts are versioned, immutable artifacts that don't adhere to any specific package format."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/docs/supported-formats","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"Docker-format repositories store OCI images","capture":"sha256:818146dba8bb558ae94ffdeed29f959758049e492eacd6df408f94938f1d1c0e","quote":"| Docker | Store Docker container images and Helm charts packaged in OCI format."},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/quotas","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"each project may make 60,000 requests a minute in a region or multi-region","capture":"sha256:a63156d62bbac3a48a0f4451a3204835b9c4c99363bb0bc07599a2da1a6d2f39","quote":"| Requests per minute in each region or multi-region | 60,000 |  |"},{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/quotas","date":"2026-10-31","proved":"a repository holds at most 10 cleanup policies","capture":"sha256:a63156d62bbac3a48a0f4451a3204835b9c4c99363bb0bc07599a2da1a6d2f39","quote":"| Cleanup policies per repository | 10 |"}],"verdict":"fails-quota","verified_at":"2026-10-31T00:29:41.516Z","notes":"Artifact Registry generic repositories hold versioned, immutable files of any format. The free tier is 0.5 GiB-month of storage per billing account; above it storage costs USD 0.000136986 per GiB-hour, and outbound internet transfer is billed at Premium Tier rates. 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Billing accounts are tied to a payment instrument, so account multiplication is not free/trivial. 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Limits are message-activity limits: \"Individual message size 25 MB\", \"Total message size 2.4 GB per hour\" per group, \"Total inbound emails per group 300 per 5…","confidence":"reported","confidence_note":null,"evidence":[{"url":"https://knowledge.workspace.google.com/admin/groups/understand-groups-policies-and-limits","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"There is no file storage. Limits are message-activity limits: \"Individual message size 25 MB\", \"Total message size 2.4 GB per hour\" per group, \"Total inbound emails per group 300 per 5…"},{"url":"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/30506","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"cited as the basis of the rejection: There is no file storage. Limits are message-activity limits: \"Individual message size 25 MB\", \"Total message size 2.4 GB per hour\" per group, \"Total inbound emails per group 300 per 5 minut"}],"verdict":"fails-quota","verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","notes":"There is no file storage. Limits are message-activity limits: \"Individual message size 25 MB\", \"Total message size 2.4 GB per hour\" per group, \"Total inbound emails per group 300 per 5…","extras":{"dead_end":{"failure_class":"quota","why":"There is no file storage. Limits are message-activity limits: \"Individual message size 25 MB\", \"Total message size 2.4 GB per hour\" per group, \"Total inbound emails per group 300 per 5…","retry_when":null,"first_recorded":"2026-10-21"}},"binding":"none","binding_note":null},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":25.0,"unit":"MB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"}],"unknown":[["$.binding_note","boilerplate"],["$.chaining","not-recorded"],["$.confidence_note","withheld"],["$.egress.terms","not-recorded"],["$.extras.dead_end.retry_when","process"],["$.free_tier.notes","process"],["$.identity_cost.detail","defaulted"],["$.identity_cost.kind","identity-defaulted"],["$.interface","interface-unknown"],["$.interface_detail","withheld"],["$.limits_note","process"],["$.per_object_cap.notes","not-recorded"],["$.per_object_cap.stated","not-recorded"],["$.retention.notes","process"],["$.retention.stated","not-recorded"],["$.tooling","not-recorded"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"storage/google-photos","card":{"rid":"storage/google-photos","eid":"google","topic":"storage","slug":"google-photos","provider":"google photos","url":"https://support.google.com/photos/answer/6220791","domain":"google.com","category":"rejected-provider","tier":null,"verdict":"fails-quota","vorder":6,"grp":"rejected","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"reported","binding":"none","identity_kind":"email","identity_basis":"defaulted","needs_card":null,"needs_phone":null,"needs_id":null,"needs_institution":null,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":null,"egress_metered":0,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","verified_basis":"inherited","checked_on":"2026-10-21","stale_on":"2026-11-05","n_evidence":1,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"15 GB shared across the whole Google account (Gmail/Drive/Photos). Original quality counts against it, and 'Storage saver' re-encodes and resizes anything ov...","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":16,"free_unit":"none"},"record":{"topic":"storage","slug":"google-photos","provider":"google photos","url":"https://support.google.com/photos/answer/6220791","category":"rejected-provider","free_tier":{"stated":"15 GB shared across the whole Google account (Gmail/Drive/Photos). Original quality counts against it, and 'Storage saver' re-encodes and resizes anything over 16 MP. Content deleted after…","unit":"none","metered_on":"none","source_url":"https://support.google.com/photos/answer/6220791","read_on":"2026-10-21","notes":null},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"not recorded","bytes":null,"source_url":"https://support.google.com/photos/answer/6220791","notes":"not recorded"},"retention":{"stated":"not recorded","days":null,"source_url":"https://support.google.com/photos/answer/6220791","notes":null},"egress":{"terms":"not recorded","metered":false},"interface":["unknown"],"interface_detail":null,"tooling":"not recorded","chaining":"not recorded","limits":[],"limits_note":null,"identity_cost":{"kind":"email","detail":null,"country":null},"reliability_note":"15 GB shared across the whole Google account (Gmail/Drive/Photos). Original quality counts against it, and 'Storage saver' re-encodes and resizes anything over 16 MP. Content deleted after…","confidence":"reported","confidence_note":null,"evidence":[{"url":"https://support.google.com/photos/answer/6220791","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"15 GB shared across the whole Google account (Gmail/Drive/Photos). Original quality counts against it, and 'Storage saver' re-encodes and resizes anything over 16 MP. Content deleted after…"}],"verdict":"fails-quota","verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","notes":"15 GB shared across the whole Google account (Gmail/Drive/Photos). Original quality counts against it, and 'Storage saver' re-encodes and resizes anything over 16 MP. Content deleted after…","extras":{"dead_end":{"failure_class":"retention","why":"15 GB shared across the whole Google account (Gmail/Drive/Photos). Original quality counts against it, and 'Storage saver' re-encodes and resizes anything over 16 MP. Content deleted after…","retry_when":null,"first_recorded":"2026-10-21"}},"binding":"none","binding_note":null},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":15.0,"unit":"GB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"}],"unknown":[["$.binding_note","boilerplate"],["$.chaining","not-recorded"],["$.confidence_note","withheld"],["$.egress.terms","not-recorded"],["$.extras.dead_end.retry_when","process"],["$.free_tier.notes","process"],["$.identity_cost.detail","defaulted"],["$.identity_cost.kind","identity-defaulted"],["$.interface","interface-unknown"],["$.interface_detail","withheld"],["$.limits_note","process"],["$.per_object_cap.notes","not-recorded"],["$.per_object_cap.stated","not-recorded"],["$.retention.notes","process"],["$.retention.stated","not-recorded"],["$.tooling","not-recorded"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"storage/google-photos-library-api","card":{"rid":"storage/google-photos-library-api","eid":"google","topic":"storage","slug":"google-photos-library-api","provider":"Google Photos Library API (append-only upload)","url":"https://developers.google.com/photos/library/guides/upload-media","domain":"google.com","category":"media","tier":null,"verdict":"fails-quota","vorder":6,"grp":"rejected","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"reported","binding":"none","identity_kind":"institution","identity_basis":"inferred","needs_card":null,"needs_phone":null,"needs_id":null,"needs_institution":null,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"rest,rclone","egress_metered":1,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","verified_basis":"inherited","checked_on":"2026-10-21","stale_on":"2026-11-05","n_evidence":2,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"No quota of its own — but every item uploaded counts against the user's Google Account storage at original quality. 200 MB max per photo, 20 GB max per video.","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":10,"free_unit":"GB"},"record":{"topic":"storage","slug":"google-photos-library-api","provider":"Google Photos Library API (append-only upload)","url":"https://developers.google.com/photos/library/guides/upload-media","category":"media","free_tier":{"stated":"No quota of its own — but every item uploaded counts against the user's Google Account storage at original quality. 200 MB max per photo, 20 GB max per video.","unit":"GB","metered_on":"stored-bytes","source_url":"https://developers.google.com/photos/library/guides/upload-media","read_on":"2026-10-21","notes":null},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"not stated","source_url":"https://developers.google.com/photos/library/guides/upload-media","notes":"not stated"},"retention":{"stated":"not stated","source_url":"https://developers.google.com/photos/library/guides/upload-media","notes":"not stated"},"egress":{"terms":"Media bytes served via baseUrl, 75,000 requests/project/day; no documented per-GB charge but the underlying storage is metered.","metered":true},"interface":["rest","rclone"],"interface_detail":"rest","tooling":"Photos Library API (photoslibrary.appendonly scope), uploads endpoint + batchCreate; no rclone backend. Unofficial wrappers are thin.","chaining":"20 GB per video x N videos is the only interesting shape, but it does NOT escape the 15 GB account quota — this is billing-avoidance-free. Not a multiplier, a quota consumption path.","limits":[],"limits_note":"10,000 Library API requests/project/day; 75,000 media-byte reads/project/day; 50 items per batchCreate; uploads land at ORIGINAL quality and count once they exceed 25 MB per user.","identity_cost":{"kind":"institution","detail":null,"country":null},"reliability_note":"API uploads skip the 'Storage saver' free-compression path, so they consume quota fastest of any Google surface. Strictly worse than Drive for bulk data.","confidence":"reported","confidence_note":null,"evidence":[{"url":"https://developers.google.com/photos/library/guides/upload-media","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"'All uploads are stored at original quality, counting towards the user's Google Account storage if they exceed 25MB per user' + max 200 MB photo / 20 GB video"},{"url":"https://developers.google.com/photos/overview/api-limits-quotas","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"'The quota limit for requests to the Library API is 10,000 requests per project per day'; media bytes 75,000/day"}],"verdict":"fails-quota","verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","notes":"No quota of its own — but every item uploaded counts against the user's Google Account storage at original quality. 200 MB max per photo, 20 GB max per video.","extras":{"dead_end":{"failure_class":"quota","why":"No quota of its own — but every item uploaded counts against the user's Google Account storage at original quality. 200 MB max per photo, 20 GB max per video.","retry_when":null,"first_recorded":"2026-10-21"}},"binding":"none","binding_note":null},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":200.0,"unit":"MB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"}],"unknown":[["$.binding_note","boilerplate"],["$.confidence_note","withheld"],["$.extras.dead_end.retry_when","process"],["$.free_tier.notes","process"],["$.identity_cost.detail","boilerplate"],["$.identity_cost.kind","identity-defaulted"],["$.per_object_cap.notes","not-extracted"],["$.per_object_cap.stated","not-extracted"],["$.retention.notes","not-extracted"],["$.retention.stated","not-extracted"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"storage/google-play-books","card":{"rid":"storage/google-play-books","eid":"google","topic":"storage","slug":"google-play-books","provider":"Google Play Books (personal upload library)","url":"https://play.google.com/books","domain":"google.com","category":"cloud-drive","tier":null,"verdict":"fails-quota","vorder":6,"grp":"rejected","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"reported","binding":"per-object-cap","identity_kind":"institution","identity_basis":"inferred","needs_card":null,"needs_phone":null,"needs_id":null,"needs_institution":null,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":null,"egress_metered":0,"per_object_bytes":2000000000,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","verified_basis":"inherited","checked_on":"2026-10-21","stale_on":"2026-11-05","n_evidence":4,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"Up to 1,000 uploaded files per Google account (2 GB max per file per the Partner Center spec; the consumer uploader historically enforced 100 MB). 1,000 x 2 ...","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":10,"free_unit":"MB"},"record":{"topic":"storage","slug":"google-play-books","provider":"Google Play Books (personal upload library)","url":"https://play.google.com/books","category":"cloud-drive","free_tier":{"stated":"Up to 1,000 uploaded files per Google account (2 GB max per file per the Partner Center spec; the consumer uploader historically enforced 100 MB). 1,000 x 2 GB ≈ 2 TB theoretical per Google account.","unit":"MB","metered_on":"stored-bytes","source_url":"https://support.google.com/books/partner/answer/9261355?hl=en","read_on":"2026-10-21","notes":null},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"2 GB max per file","bytes":2000000000,"source_url":"https://support.google.com/books/partner/answer/9261355?hl=en","notes":"not stated"},"retention":{"stated":"not stated","source_url":"https://support.google.com/books/partner/answer/9261355?hl=en","notes":"not stated"},"egress":{"terms":"No egress metering for reading, but there is no public direct-download URL: files are served through the authenticated Play Books reader. Not CDN-cacheable, not shareable as a link.","metered":false},"interface":["unknown"],"interface_detail":"wrapper-only","tooling":"Web upload only (play.google.com/books -> Upload files). No public API; third-party tools are downloaders for purchased books, not uploaders.","chaining":"1,000 files x 2 GB = ~2 TB per free Google account, x unlimited free Google accounts. This is the Drive-service-account pattern applied to Play Books; it is only blocked by the absence of an upload API.","limits":[{"kind":"per-object-cap","value":"2 GB/file","source":"https://support.google.com/books/partner/answer/9261355?hl=en"}],"limits_note":"1,000-file cap per account; 2 GB/file (Partner Center) vs 100 MB in the consumer uploader; EPUB/PDF only; uploads are re-processed into Google's internal format, so the stored artifact is not byte-identical to what you sent.","identity_cost":{"kind":"institution","detail":null,"country":null},"reliability_note":"Files are converted on ingest and served only inside the reader; no bulk export, no public URLs, and there is no supported automation path.","confidence":"reported","confidence_note":null,"evidence":[{"url":"https://support.google.com/books/partner/answer/9261355?hl=en","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"'Maximum file size 2 GB per file'"},{"url":"https://support.google.com/books/partner/answer/3424254?hl=en","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"'Each file must be less than 2 GB'; EPUB/PDF only"},{"url":"https://support.google.com/googleplay/answer/11012086?hl=en","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"consumer upload flow is web-only ('go to your Play Books library ... Upload files')"},{"url":"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/92325/seeing-the-count-of-books-ive-uploaded-on-google-play-books","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"1,000-book cap report; corroborated by https://ebookfriendly.com/how-to-upload-own-ebooks-to-google-play/ ('up to 1,000 own files')"}],"verdict":"fails-quota","verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","notes":"Up to 1,000 uploaded files per Google account (2 GB max per file per the Partner Center spec; the consumer uploader historically enforced 100 MB). 1,000 x 2 GB ≈ 2 TB theoretical per Google account.","extras":{"dead_end":{"failure_class":"quota","why":"Up to 1,000 uploaded files per Google account (2 GB max per file per the Partner Center spec; the consumer uploader historically enforced 100 MB). 1,000 x 2 GB ≈ 2 TB theoretical per Google account.","retry_when":null,"first_recorded":"2026-10-21"}},"binding":"per-object-cap","binding_note":null},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":2.0,"unit":"GB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.limits[0].value","kind":"limit:per-object-cap","num":2.0,"unit":"GB","per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"}],"unknown":[["$.binding_note","boilerplate"],["$.confidence_note","withheld"],["$.extras.dead_end.retry_when","process"],["$.free_tier.notes","process"],["$.identity_cost.detail","boilerplate"],["$.identity_cost.kind","identity-defaulted"],["$.interface","interface-unknown"],["$.per_object_cap.notes","not-extracted"],["$.retention.notes","not-extracted"],["$.retention.stated","not-extracted"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"storage/google-sites-as-free-hosting-storage","card":{"rid":"storage/google-sites-as-free-hosting-storage","eid":"google","topic":"storage","slug":"google-sites-as-free-hosting-storage","provider":"google sites (new sites) as free hosting/storage","url":"https://knowledge.workspace.google.com/admin/sites/google-sites-requirements","domain":"google.com","category":"rejected-provider","tier":null,"verdict":"fails-quota","vorder":6,"grp":"rejected","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"reported","binding":"none","identity_kind":"email","identity_basis":"defaulted","needs_card":null,"needs_phone":null,"needs_id":null,"needs_institution":null,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":null,"egress_metered":0,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","verified_basis":"inherited","checked_on":"2026-10-21","stale_on":"2026-11-05","n_evidence":1,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"Sites and all embedded content count toward the owner's Drive storage — it is not an exempt surface. No independent quota exists.","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":16,"free_unit":"none"},"record":{"topic":"storage","slug":"google-sites-as-free-hosting-storage","provider":"google sites (new sites) as free hosting/storage","url":"https://knowledge.workspace.google.com/admin/sites/google-sites-requirements","category":"rejected-provider","free_tier":{"stated":"Sites and all embedded content count toward the owner's Drive storage — it is not an exempt surface. No independent quota exists.","unit":"none","metered_on":"none","source_url":"https://knowledge.workspace.google.com/admin/sites/google-sites-requirements","read_on":"2026-10-21","notes":null},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"not recorded","bytes":null,"source_url":"https://knowledge.workspace.google.com/admin/sites/google-sites-requirements","notes":"not recorded"},"retention":{"stated":"not recorded","days":null,"source_url":"https://knowledge.workspace.google.com/admin/sites/google-sites-requirements","notes":null},"egress":{"terms":"not recorded","metered":false},"interface":["unknown"],"interface_detail":null,"tooling":"not recorded","chaining":"not recorded","limits":[],"limits_note":null,"identity_cost":{"kind":"email","detail":null,"country":null},"reliability_note":"Sites and all embedded content count toward the owner's Drive storage — it is not an exempt surface. No independent quota exists.","confidence":"reported","confidence_note":null,"evidence":[{"url":"https://knowledge.workspace.google.com/admin/sites/google-sites-requirements","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"Sites and all embedded content count toward the owner's Drive storage — it is not an exempt surface. No independent quota exists."}],"verdict":"fails-quota","verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","notes":"Sites and all embedded content count toward the owner's Drive storage — it is not an exempt surface. No independent quota exists.","extras":{"dead_end":{"failure_class":"quota","why":"Sites and all embedded content count toward the owner's Drive storage — it is not an exempt surface. No independent quota exists.","retry_when":null,"first_recorded":"2026-10-21"}},"binding":"none","binding_note":null},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"}],"unknown":[["$.binding_note","boilerplate"],["$.chaining","not-recorded"],["$.confidence_note","withheld"],["$.egress.terms","not-recorded"],["$.extras.dead_end.retry_when","process"],["$.free_tier.notes","process"],["$.identity_cost.detail","defaulted"],["$.identity_cost.kind","identity-defaulted"],["$.interface","interface-unknown"],["$.interface_detail","withheld"],["$.limits_note","process"],["$.per_object_cap.notes","not-recorded"],["$.per_object_cap.stated","not-recorded"],["$.retention.notes","process"],["$.retention.stated","not-recorded"],["$.tooling","not-recorded"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"storage/google-vertex-ai-model-garden-custom-model-import","card":{"rid":"storage/google-vertex-ai-model-garden-custom-model-import","eid":"google","topic":"storage","slug":"google-vertex-ai-model-garden-custom-model-import","provider":"Google Vertex AI Model Garden — custom model import","url":"https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/model-registry/import-model","domain":"google.com","category":"hyperscaler-model-catalog","tier":null,"verdict":"fails-quota","vorder":6,"grp":"rejected","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"reported","binding":"none","identity_kind":"card","identity_basis":"stated","needs_card":1,"needs_phone":0,"needs_id":0,"needs_institution":0,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"rest","egress_metered":0,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","verified_basis":"inherited","checked_on":"2026-10-21","stale_on":"2026-11-05","n_evidence":2,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"No hosting quota because there is no hosting: 'You must store your model artifacts in a Cloud Storage bucket, where the bucket's region matches the locationa...","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":9,"free_unit":"mixed"},"record":{"topic":"storage","slug":"google-vertex-ai-model-garden-custom-model-import","provider":"Google Vertex AI Model Garden — custom model import","url":"https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/model-registry/import-model","category":"hyperscaler-model-catalog","free_tier":{"stated":"No hosting quota because there is no hosting: 'You must store your model artifacts in a Cloud Storage bucket, where the bucket's region matches the locational endpoint you're using.' Capacity is your GCS bill.","unit":"mixed","metered_on":"stored-bytes","source_url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/model-registry/import-model","read_on":"2026-10-21","notes":null},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"not stated","source_url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/model-registry/import-model","notes":"not stated"},"retention":{"stated":"not stated","source_url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/model-registry/import-model","notes":"not stated"},"egress":{"terms":"Paid GCS egress.","metered":false},"interface":["rest"],"interface_detail":"rest","tooling":"aiplatform.Model.upload(...) from the Python SDK — clean, but it uploads a pointer plus artifacts already in GCS.","chaining":"None for storage.","limits":[],"limits_note":"fails-quota. The Model Garden catalogue is a curated list of first- and third-party models; you cannot deposit bytes into it as a member of the public.","identity_cost":{"kind":"card","detail":"card","country":null},"reliability_note":"Not a storage provider. Console requires a Google Cloud billing account.","confidence":"reported","confidence_note":null,"evidence":[{"url":"https://docs.cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/model-registry/import-model","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"opened: 'You must store your model artifacts in a Cloud Storage bucket'."},{"url":"https://console.cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/publishers","date":"2026-10-21","proved":"PROBED: returns a 'Sign in' page (41 words, no content) rather than the catalogue. Confirms the gate is a Google identity plus billing."}],"verdict":"fails-quota","verified_at":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","notes":"No hosting quota because there is no hosting: 'You must store your model artifacts in a Cloud Storage bucket, where the bucket's region matches the locational endpoint you're using.' Capacity is your GCS bill.","extras":{"dead_end":{"failure_class":"quota","why":"No hosting quota because there is no hosting: 'You must store your model artifacts in a Cloud Storage bucket, where the bucket's region matches the locational endpoint you're using.' Capacity is your GCS bill.","retry_when":null,"first_recorded":"2026-10-21"}},"binding":"none","binding_note":null},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":1.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"}],"unknown":[["$.binding_note","boilerplate"],["$.chaining","partly-held"],["$.confidence_note","withheld"],["$.extras.dead_end.retry_when","process"],["$.free_tier.notes","process"],["$.per_object_cap.notes","not-extracted"],["$.per_object_cap.stated","not-extracted"],["$.retention.notes","not-extracted"],["$.retention.stated","not-extracted"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"compute/firebase-studio","card":{"rid":"compute/firebase-studio","eid":"google","topic":"compute","slug":"firebase-studio","provider":"Firebase Studio","url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/studio/pricing","domain":"google.com","category":"cloud VM","tier":null,"verdict":"dead","vorder":7,"grp":"dead","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"documented","binding":"none","identity_kind":"email","identity_basis":"stated","needs_card":null,"needs_phone":null,"needs_id":0,"needs_institution":0,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":null,"egress_metered":null,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-10-22T00:00:00.000Z","verified_basis":"live","checked_on":"2026-10-22","stale_on":"2026-11-22","n_evidence":3,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"\"Firebase Studio is sunsetting on March 22, 2027. As of June 22, 2026, new workspace creation and user signup are disabled.\" The plan was 3 workspaces per us...","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":9,"free_unit":"none"},"record":{"topic":"compute","slug":"firebase-studio","provider":"Firebase Studio","url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/studio/pricing","category":"cloud VM","free_tier":{"stated":"\"Firebase Studio is sunsetting on March 22, 2027. As of June 22, 2026, new workspace creation and user signup are disabled.\" The plan was 3 workspaces per user at no cost.","unit":"none","metered_on":"wall-clock","source_url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/studio/pricing","read_on":"2026-10-22","notes":"none"},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"not applicable","bytes":null,"source_url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/studio/pricing","notes":null},"retention":{"stated":"not applicable","days":null,"source_url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/studio/pricing","notes":null},"egress":{"terms":"not stated","metered":false,"free_allowance":null,"price_per_tb":null,"source_url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/studio/pricing"},"interface":["unknown"],"interface_detail":"inferred from the tooling the provider documents; not probed","tooling":"not stated","chaining":"Nothing new. The migration targets named by Google, AI Studio and Antigravity, were not evaluated and are the obvious next check for an always-on free development environment from Google.","limits":[],"limits_note":"New accounts cannot create a workspace at all since 2026-06-22, so the 3-free-workspace quota is closed; existing workspaces keep running until 2027-03-22.","binding":"none","binding_note":"New accounts cannot create a workspace at all since 2026-06-22, so the 3-free-workspace quota is closed; existing workspaces keep running until 2027-03-22.","identity_cost":{"kind":"email","detail":"no signup is possible at all: 'As of June 22, 2026, new workspace creation and user signup are disabled', so there is no requirement left to meet and the 3-workspace quota is closed to new accounts. What the pre-closure signup asked for - email, phone, card or ID - is not described in any evidence row: unknown. No hold is stated.","country":null},"reliability_note":"no reliability event recorded","confidence":"documented","evidence":[{"url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/studio/pricing","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"sunset on 2027-03-22, new workspace creation and signup disabled from 2026-06-22, and 3 workspaces per user at no cost, quoted"},{"url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/studio/troubleshooting","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"the same notice in the FAQ, plus the statement that the no-cost plan is limited to three workspaces per user"},{"url":"https://firebase.google.com/docs/studio/migrating-project","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"existing workspaces can be worked in until the sunset date and must be migrated to Google AI Studio or Google Antigravity"}],"verdict":"dead","verified_at":"2026-10-22T00:00:00.000Z","notes":"This is the most commonly recommended free cloud IDE that no longer accepts users, and listicles written before June 2026 still describe three free Nix-based workspaces. Apps already deployed to Firebase keep running after the sunset, which is a different product.","extras":{"facets":{"class":"inverse-dead","free_tier_kind":"none","shape":null}}},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":0.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"}],"unknown":[["$.egress.metered","egress-unknown"],["$.egress.terms","not-stated"],["$.interface","interface-unknown"],["$.per_object_cap.notes","process"],["$.per_object_cap.stated","not-applicable"],["$.reliability_note","none-observed"],["$.retention.notes","process"],["$.retention.stated","not-applicable"],["$.tooling","not-stated"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"crawler-scraper/google-custom-search","card":{"rid":"crawler-scraper/google-custom-search","eid":"google","topic":"crawler-scraper","slug":"google-custom-search","provider":"Google Programmable Search / Custom Search JSON API","url":"https://developers.google.com/custom-search/v1/overview","domain":"google.com","category":"search API","tier":null,"verdict":"dead","vorder":7,"grp":"dead","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"documented","binding":"request-rate","identity_kind":"card","identity_basis":"stated","needs_card":1,"needs_phone":0,"needs_id":0,"needs_institution":0,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":"rest","egress_metered":0,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-10-22T00:00:00.000Z","verified_basis":"live","checked_on":"2026-10-22","stale_on":"2026-11-22","n_evidence":1,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"100 queries a day for existing customers only","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":3,"free_unit":"requests"},"record":{"topic":"crawler-scraper","slug":"google-custom-search","provider":"Google Programmable Search / Custom Search JSON API","url":"https://developers.google.com/custom-search/v1/overview","category":"search API","verdict":"dead","confidence":"documented","confidence_note":"","verified_at":"2026-10-22T00:00:00.000Z","free_tier":{"stated":"100 queries a day for existing customers only","unit":"requests","metered_on":"request-count","source_url":"https://developers.google.com/custom-search/v1/overview","read_on":"2026-10-22","notes":""},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"not applicable: the unit is a query","bytes":null,"source_url":"https://developers.google.com/custom-search/v1/overview","notes":""},"retention":{"stated":"the service is discontinued on 2027-01-01","days":null,"source_url":"https://developers.google.com/custom-search/v1/overview","notes":""},"egress":{"terms":"not applicable","metered":false,"free_allowance":null,"price_per_tb":null,"source_url":"https://developers.google.com/custom-search/v1/overview"},"interface":["rest"],"interface_detail":"REST with a key and a search engine id","tooling":"not stated","chaining":"not established","limits":[{"kind":"request-rate","value":"100 queries a day free, then USD 5 per 1,000 up to 10,000 a day, for existing customers","source":"https://developers.google.com/custom-search/v1/overview"},{"kind":"per-object-cap","value":"10,000 queries a day hard cap","source":"https://developers.google.com/custom-search/v1/overview"}],"binding":"request-rate","limits_note":"","identity_cost":{"kind":"card","detail":"billing had to be enabled past 100 queries a day","country":null},"reliability_note":"no reliability event recorded","price_per_tb_month":null,"evidence":[{"url":"https://developers.google.com/custom-search/v1/overview","date":"2026-10-22","proved":"the Custom Search JSON API is closed to new customers; the pricing applies only to existing customers until the service discontinuation on 2027-01-01; 100 queries a day free, USD 5 per 1,000 beyond"}],"notes":"Two closures in one page: closed to new customers now, discontinued in 2027. The free tier is real and unreachable, which is the fails-identity shape in a vendor that never asks for an identity."},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":0.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"},{"path":"$.limits[0].value","kind":"limit:request-rate","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"},{"path":"$.limits[1].value","kind":"limit:per-object-cap","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"}],"unknown":[["$.egress.terms","not-applicable"],["$.reliability_note","none-observed"],["$.tooling","not-stated"]],"history":[],"drift":[]},{"rid":"ip-proxy/lunaproxy-and-pia-s5","card":{"rid":"ip-proxy/lunaproxy-and-pia-s5","eid":"google","topic":"ip-proxy","slug":"lunaproxy-and-pia-s5","provider":"LunaProxy, PIA S5 Proxy and 911 S5 (911.re)","url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/disrupting-largest-residential-proxy-network","domain":"google.com","category":"residential/mobile proxy network","tier":"none","verdict":"dead","vorder":7,"grp":"dead","self_hosted":0,"confidence":"documented","binding":"none","identity_kind":"anonymous","identity_basis":"stated","needs_card":0,"needs_phone":0,"needs_id":0,"needs_institution":0,"country":null,"crypto":null,"interfaces":null,"egress_metered":0,"per_object_bytes":null,"retention_days":null,"verified_at":"2026-10-24T10:07:11.000Z","verified_basis":"live","checked_on":"2026-10-24","stale_on":"2026-11-24","n_evidence":6,"usd_month":null,"usd_per_tb_month":null,"summary":"No live offer. lunaproxy.com and piaproxy.com return NXDOMAIN, and 911.re serves a seizure notice in place of a product page, all read 2026-10-24. Nothing wa...","duplicate_of":null,"n_unknown":4,"free_unit":"none"},"record":{"topic":"ip-proxy","slug":"lunaproxy-and-pia-s5","provider":"LunaProxy, PIA S5 Proxy and 911 S5 (911.re)","url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/disrupting-largest-residential-proxy-network","category":"residential/mobile proxy network","tier":"none","free_tier":{"stated":"No live offer. lunaproxy.com and piaproxy.com return NXDOMAIN, and 911.re serves a seizure notice in place of a product page, all read 2026-10-24. Nothing was priced because nothing answers.","unit":"none","metered_on":"none","source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/disrupting-largest-residential-proxy-network","read_on":"2026-10-24","notes":"None of the three has a page left to price, so there is no tier to compare and no free allowance to state."},"per_object_cap":{"stated":"not applicable","bytes":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/disrupting-largest-residential-proxy-network","notes":"No object is stored by an exit-IP product, and nothing is served now in any case."},"retention":{"stated":"not applicable: an address product, not stored bytes","days":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/disrupting-largest-residential-proxy-network","notes":"A purchased balance or a pinned session is the nearest thing these vendors sold, and none can be read: two names do not resolve and the third serves a seizure notice."},"egress":{"terms":"unstated: no live page carries a traffic position. lunaproxy.com and piaproxy.com return NXDOMAIN and 911.re answers with a seizure notice, so whatever these three said about traffic out was never read and is not recorded here.","metered":false,"free_allowance":"none published","price_per_tb":null,"source_url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/disrupting-largest-residential-proxy-network"},"interface":["unknown"],"interface_detail":"Nothing is reachable: two of the three names have no DNS record and the third serves a seizure notice. The protocol these vendors sold was SOCKS5 and HTTP(S) per IP, which is what the names said (PIA S5, 911 S5) and what the one surviving stored copy of pia-proxy.com advertises ('Pay per IP over HTTP(S) and SOCKS5'); that describes the product, not a path a client can use today.","tooling":"Nothing to reach. A missing wrapper is not the obstacle: there is no service behind the name to wrap, so no client, SDK or protocol choice changes the outcome.","chaining":"Nothing chains.","limits":[],"limits_note":"No constraint was measurable because no page was served. If any of the three had answered, the two kinds that would have been classified first are per-ip-shaping, because a residential exit pool is only worth its identity, and volume-quota, because every vendor in this class meters per GB. Both are unverified here rather than absent, and neither is claimed.","binding":"none","binding_note":"Nothing in the vocabulary fails at 45 GB a month because nothing is sold: two names do not resolve and the third serves a seizure notice, so no rate, cap, quota or shaping exists to hit. What removes these vendors is existence, which the seven-value vocabulary has no kind for and the verdict already names.","identity_cost":{"kind":"anonymous","detail":"n/a: no registration path exists, so no identity gate was reached.","country":null},"reliability_note":"Two of the three names are gone at the DNS level and the third serves a seizure banner; the notice on 911.re reads 'This domain has been seized by the Defense Criminal Investigative Service, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Bureau of Industry and Security, Office of Export Enforcement' as part of a coordinated action 'taken against the 911 S5 residential proxy service'.","confidence":"documented","confidence_note":"The death itself is measured: Cloudflare's resolver returned NXDOMAIN for lunaproxy.com and piaproxy.com, and 911.re served its seizure banner, all. Nothing would raise the death above measured; what would raise the attribution is a registry record of the deletion or a second independent account of the same action.","evidence":[{"url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/disrupting-largest-residential-proxy-network","date":"2026-10-24","proved":null},{"url":"probe:lunaproxy.com","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"Cloudflare DNS-over-HTTPS answered Status 3 (NXDOMAIN) with no A record, so the name has been removed from the .com zone rather than merely failing to answer."},{"url":"probe:piaproxy.com","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"Cloudflare DNS-over-HTTPS answered Status 3 (NXDOMAIN) with no A record."},{"url":"probe:pia-proxy.com","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"Not NXDOMAIN: resolves to 104.21.6.121 and 172.67.134.213 behind Cloudflare, and a fetch returned HTTP 522, meaning the edge has no origin behind it. The only readable text under this name was a stored third-party snapshot, titled 'PIA S5 Proxy — Residential SOCKS5 IPs, 350M+', which is a copy of the product page rather than a live page."},{"url":"probe:piaproxy.io","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"Resolves to 162.255.119.134 and returned HTTP 522; two read attempts, one at a 25 second deadline and one at 60, produced no page text, so no copy could be compared against pia-proxy.com's."},{"url":"https://911.re/","date":"2026-10-24","proved":"HTTP 200 with a page titled 'This Website Has Been Seized', whose body names the seizing agencies and states the action was 'taken against the 911 S5 residential proxy service'."}],"verdict":"dead","verified_at":"2026-10-24T10:07:11.000Z","price_per_tb_month":null,"notes":"A filtered answer would have come from the filter, not from the .com zone's authority. It does not. It resolves behind Cloudflare and returns 522, with no origin; The likely cause is that the two names were read as one. Two PIA-adjacent names do resolve, pia-proxy.com and piaproxy.io, and both sit behind Cloudflare with no answering origin, so neither served a page to compare. piaproxy.net is a different company entirely, Private Internet Access, and pias5.com, pia-s5.com and piaproxy.co have no A record. So the pair may be exactly those two 522 hosts, or something else, and this record does not say. SINGLE SAMPLE: every DNS check here is one query per name from one resolver on one day, and the 522s were single fetches; a second resolver and a second day would turn a one-day observation into a trend, which for a domain is worth little either way.","extras":{"rung":1,"rung_note":"Session, and only as a floor: what these three sold was a session-bound exit address, and nothing above rung 1 was ever established for them here, since no page was served to measure an account, fingerprint or behaviour control against.","interface_enum_note":"The schema's interface enum has no token for a proxy endpoint or a tunnel, so this record follows the convention the egress records use: a proxy client or tunnel is 'cli', a vendor API is 'rest'. Previous value: ['none']"}},"claims":[{"path":"$.free_tier","kind":"has-free-tier","num":0.0,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"ok"},{"path":"$.free_tier.stated","kind":"free-quota","num":null,"unit":null,"per":null,"currency":null,"usd":null,"fx_date":null,"parse":"unparsed"}],"unknown":[["$.chaining","partly-held"],["$.evidence[0].proved","withheld"],["$.interface","interface-unknown"],["$.per_object_cap.stated","not-applicable"]],"history":[],"drift":[]}]}